Pengaruh Pupuk Majemuk NPK dan Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jarak Pagar IP3-P
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanaman yang menjadi salah satu bahan baku penghasil bahan bakar nabati. Produksi jarak perlu didukung pupuk untuk optimlisasi penggunaan input. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis pupuk majemuk NPK (15 : 15 : 15) dan pupuk P yang tepat bagi pertumbuhan dan produksi awal jarak pagar IP3. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Induk Jarak Pagar (KIJP), Pakuwon, Sukabumi dengan jangka waktu pelaksanaan dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2009. Percobaan disusun secara faktorial dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Sebagai faktor pertama adalah dosis dari pupuk majemuk NPK yaitu : 0, 60, 120, 240, 360 g/pohon/th, dan dosis pembanding 40 g urea/pohon/th 110 g SP-36/pohon/th, 30 g KCl/pohon/th. Sebagai faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk P, yaitu : 0, 10, 17, 24 g P/pohon/th. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk majemuk 360 g/tnm/th secara nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif pada jumlah cabang dan diameter batang jarak. Pemberian pupuk P 17 g P/tanaman/tahun memberikan pertumbuhan vegetatif nyata terbaik. Kombinasi pupuk NPK 240 g/tnm/th + pupuk P 17 g/tnm/th terbaik untuk meningkatkan berat segar buah dan berat kering biji jarak umur 6 bulan.
Jatropha curcas was one of raw alternative material to produce bio fuel. Production of Jatropha require fertilizers in order to optimalize input usage. This research to determine dose of NPK (15:15:15) and fosfat fertilizers for growth and production of Jatropha curcas L provenan IP3-P. The research was conducted at Jatropa curcas main garden, Pakuwon, Sukabumi in March to December 2009. The design environment used Random Block Design (RBD) arranged in factorial and repeated 3 replications. The first factor was dose of NPK fertilizers i.e : 0, 60, 120, 240, 360 g/tree/year, and comparator dose 40 g urea/tree/year, 110 g SP-36/tree/year, 30 g KCl/tree/year. Second factor was dose of P fertilizers i. e. : 0, 10, 17, 24 g P/tree/year. The result showed that 360 g NPK fertilizers/tree/years application significantly increases vegetative growth on number of branch and diameters of stem. The best dose of fosfat fertilizer for vegetative growth was 17 g/tree/year. Combination of NPK fertilizers with dose 240 g/tree/year and 17 g P fertilizer/tree/year increases significantly wight of fresh fruit and wight of dry fruit at 6 month of tree age.
Jatropha curcas was one of raw alternative material to produce bio fuel. Production of Jatropha require fertilizers in order to optimalize input usage. This research to determine dose of NPK (15:15:15) and fosfat fertilizers for growth and production of Jatropha curcas L provenan IP3-P. The research was conducted at Jatropa curcas main garden, Pakuwon, Sukabumi in March to December 2009. The design environment used Random Block Design (RBD) arranged in factorial and repeated 3 replications. The first factor was dose of NPK fertilizers i.e : 0, 60, 120, 240, 360 g/tree/year, and comparator dose 40 g urea/tree/year, 110 g SP-36/tree/year, 30 g KCl/tree/year. Second factor was dose of P fertilizers i. e. : 0, 10, 17, 24 g P/tree/year. The result showed that 360 g NPK fertilizers/tree/years application significantly increases vegetative growth on number of branch and diameters of stem. The best dose of fosfat fertilizer for vegetative growth was 17 g/tree/year. Combination of NPK fertilizers with dose 240 g/tree/year and 17 g P fertilizer/tree/year increases significantly wight of fresh fruit and wight of dry fruit at 6 month of tree age.
Keywords
pupuk majemuk NPK; pupuk P; jarak pagar, NPK fertilizers; P fertilizer; Jatropha curcas