Pengaruh Mikoriza dan Amelioran terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Kopi
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Tanah yang telah ditanami tanaman kopi seringkali tidak mampu menyediakan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan secara memadai untuk kelangsungan hidup tanaman itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan pupuk anorganik dan organik sangat diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi. Selain pupuk organik dan anorganik, beberapa pupuk hayati yang diformulasikan dari mikroba tanah non patogen seperti jamur mikoriza juga telah digunakan untuk tujuan pengembangan pertanian. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh mikoriza dan amelioran terhadap pertumbuhan benih kopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi pada bulan Februari-Desember 2012. Rancangan penelitian adalah acak kelompok faktorial dua faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor-faktor yang diuji adalah penggunaan mikoriza (tanpa mikoriza, mikoriza dari rizosfer kopi, dan mikoriza dari rizosfer jambu mete) dan amelioran (tanpa amelioran, kompos, kapur, dan kapur dicampur kompos). Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, dan bobot kering daun, batang, dan akar, serta tingkat infeksi mikoriza pada akar kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan inokulum mikoriza, baik yang berasal dari rizosfer tanaman kopi maupun jambu mete mampu memperbaiki pertumbuhan benih kopi. Mikoriza yang berasal dari rizosfer kopi memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang berasal dari rizosfer jambu mete, sedangkan penggunaan amelioran maupun kombinasinya tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan benih kopi.Kata Kunci: Mikoriza, benih kopi, amelioran, pertumbuhanIt is often the soil on which coffee is grown is not able to supply all nutrients needed by plant adequately for its life cycle. Hence, both inorganic and organic fertilizers are used to meet nutrient requirement. In addition to organic and inorganic fertilizers, some biofertilizers formulated from nonpathogenic soil microbes such as mycorrhizas fungi has been developed for agricultural purposes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of mycorrhizas fungi and ameliorants on the growth of Robusta coffee seedlings. The study was carried out at a green house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from April to December 2012. Two factors examined were: (1) the use of mycorrhizal fungus (without mycorrhizas, added mycorrhizas fungi isolated from coffee plant rhizosphere, and those from cashew trees rhizosphere), and (2) ameliorant application (without ameliorant, compost, lime, and mixed lime with compost). The factors were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates and plot size of 16 plants. Variables observed are plant height, diameter of girth, number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, stem, roots, and infection level of mycorrhizas in coffee roots. The result showed that the mycorrhizas fungus (arised from coffee or cashew rhizosphere) significantly affect on the growth of coffee seedlings. The coffee seedlings treated with mycorrhizas fungi isolated from coffee rhizosphere was better than those of cashew rhizosphere. Whereas, the ameliorant and their combinations not significantly affect on the growth of coffee seedling.
Keywords
, Mycorrhizas fungi; coffee seedlings; ameliorant; growth