Aplikasi Sitokinin untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Teh di Dataran Rendah
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Teh (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) merupakan salah satu komoditas primadona Jawa Barat. Upaya ekstensifikasi teh di dataran rendah dan lahan suboptimal diyakini dapat berkontribusi nyata terhadap perbaikan kesejahteraan petani. Perbedaan suhu di dataran rendah dengan di dataran tinggi akan berpengaruh pada metabolisme tanaman teh. Secara kultur teknis, untuk membentuk perdu dengan percabangan ideal, perlu dilakukan centering (pemangkasan). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian sitokinin terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman teh setelah centering di dataran rendah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, mulai bulan November 2016 sampai Juni 2017, dengan bahan tanaman teh berumur 10 bulan setelah tanam. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 4 kali, dengan perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi sitokinin. Sitokinin yang digunakan berasal dari air kelapa, dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 75%, serta benzil amino purin (BAP) dengan konsentrasi 60 ppm, 90 ppm, dan 120 ppm, serta kontrol (tanpa sitokinin). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian sitokinin yang berasal dari air kelapa atau berupa BAP pada tanaman teh setelah centering hanya efektif hingga 3 bulan setelah aplikasi. Pada 1 dan 3 bulan setelah aplikasi, pemberian air kelapa 50% atau BAP 60 ppm meningkatkan pertambahan diameter batang, jumlah daun, panjang tunas, dan jumlah tunas. Oleh karena itu, air kelapa 50% atau BAP 60 ppm dapat dijadikan sumber sitokinin untuk tanaman teh di dataran rendah setelah centering.
Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) is one of priority commodities in West Java. Extensification of tea plantation in lowland and suboptimal areas is believed to contribute significantly in improving the farmers welfare. Temperature differences between the lowland and highland areas affects the metabolism of tea plants. In technical culture, centering (pruning) is required to form the shrub with ideal branching. This study aimed to determine cytokinin effects on the growth of tea plants after centering in the lowland areas. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, from November 2016 until June 2017 using 10 months old tea plant materials. The experiments used a randomized block design with 4 replications. The treatment used was cytokinin derived from coconut water with concentration of 25%, 50%, and 75%, cytokinin in the form of benzyl amino purin (BAP) with concentration of 60 ppm, 90 ppm, and 120 ppm, and control (without cytokinin). The results showed that cytokinin derived from coconut water or in the form of BAP applied in tea plants after centering, was only effective up to 3 months after application. At 1 and 3 months after application, 50% coconut water or BAP 60 ppm increased the length of stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot length, and number of shoots. Therefore, coconut water with 50% concentration or BAP 60 ppm can be used as source of cytokinins for tea plants in the lowlands after centering.
Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) is one of priority commodities in West Java. Extensification of tea plantation in lowland and suboptimal areas is believed to contribute significantly in improving the farmers welfare. Temperature differences between the lowland and highland areas affects the metabolism of tea plants. In technical culture, centering (pruning) is required to form the shrub with ideal branching. This study aimed to determine cytokinin effects on the growth of tea plants after centering in the lowland areas. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, from November 2016 until June 2017 using 10 months old tea plant materials. The experiments used a randomized block design with 4 replications. The treatment used was cytokinin derived from coconut water with concentration of 25%, 50%, and 75%, cytokinin in the form of benzyl amino purin (BAP) with concentration of 60 ppm, 90 ppm, and 120 ppm, and control (without cytokinin). The results showed that cytokinin derived from coconut water or in the form of BAP applied in tea plants after centering, was only effective up to 3 months after application. At 1 and 3 months after application, 50% coconut water or BAP 60 ppm increased the length of stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot length, and number of shoots. Therefore, coconut water with 50% concentration or BAP 60 ppm can be used as source of cytokinins for tea plants in the lowlands after centering.
Keywords
Air kelapa; BAP;centering; teh, , BAP; centering; coconut water; tea,