Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Beberapa Aksesi Tanaman Salak
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Salak merupakan salah satu jenis buah tropika asli Indonesia yang digemari masyarakat karena rasa daging buahnya khas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik unggul beberapa aksesi tanaman salak yang digunakan sebagai tetua terpilih dalam perakitan varietas unggul baru. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sumani, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, dari bulan November 2006 sampai Juni 2007 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 8 aksesi salak sebagai perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua tanaman menghasilkan bunga sempurna mandul. Tanaman salak indigenous Sumatera (SSDM-05 dan SSDP-06) menghasilkan buah dengan rasa manis kelat. Tidak ada aksesi tanaman yang menghasilkan buah ukuran besar (>61 g), sedangkan 4 nomor aksesi (SNJK-01, SPHK-03, SPHP-04, dan SSMT-07) menghasilkan buah dengan rasa manis. Dua aksesi (SPHP-04 dan SSMT-07) menghasilkan buah yang bersifat masir. Aksesi SPHP-04 berpeluang dikembangkan sebagai tetua terpilih, karena menghasilkan buah/dompol paling banyak (22 buah), rasa manis (PTT 16,77o Brix), bersifat masir, dan warna daging buah krem menarik.ABSTRACT. Sudjijo. 2008. Characterization and Evaluation of Several Accessions of Salacca edulis. Salacca is one of tropical fruits that was native of Indonesia and preferred by consumers due to the specific fruit flesh taste. The objective of the research was to obtain superior characteristics of salacca accessions potentially for parent lines in breeding programe of new superior varieties. The research was conducted at the Sumani Experimental Garden of Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute from November 2006 to June 2007 using randomized block design with 8 salacca accessions as the treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that all the plants produced sterile hermaphrodite flowers. Indigenous accessions from Sumatera (SSDM-01 and SSDP-06) produced fruit with sweet and astringent, while accessions (SNJK-01, SPHK-03, SPHP-04, and SSMT-07) produced sweet fruit. No accessions produced big size of fruits (>61 g). Friable fruit texture was obtained from SPHP-04 and SSMT-07. Meanwhile SPHK-04 accession has the potency to be used as parent lines because it produced the highest number of fruits per cluster (22 fruits), with TSS 16.77o Brix, friable fruit texture, and creamy color fruit flesh.
Keywords
Salacca edulis; Aksesi; Karakterisasi; Evaluasi.