Budidaya Kubis di Dalam Rumah Kasa Dalam Upaya Menekan Serangan Hama (Cultivation of Cabbage in the Netting House in Order to Reduce Pests Infestation)
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya kubis ialah serangan hama utama yaitu ulat daun kubis Plutella xylostella dan ulat krop kubis Crocidolomia binotalis. Penggunaan penghadang fisik atau rumah kasa sedang dikembangkan sebagai alternatif cara pengendalian selain menggunakan insektisida. Informasi mengenai sejauh mana pengaruh penggunaan rumah kasa terhadap serangan hama-hama tersebut pada budidaya kubis di Indonesia masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu penelitian untuk menguji kemampuan rumah kasa dalam mencegah serangan hama kubis dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu (1250 m dpl.), Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang, dari bulan Desember 2014 sampai April 2015. Penelitian disusun menggunakan petak berpasangan dengan dua macam perlakuan, yaitu budidaya kubis di dalam rumah kasa (A) dan budidaya kubis di lahan terbuka (B). Tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Aplikasi insektisida dilakukan jika populasi hama telah mencapai ambang pengendalian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan rumah kasa mampu menekan populasi ulat daun kubis dan kerusakan tanaman oleh serangan ulat krop kubis, sehingga dapat mengurangi jumlah aplikasi insektisida sebesar 62,50%, dengan hasil panen lebih tinggi sebesar 13,75% dan kualitas krop kubis tetap tinggi.KeywordsKubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata); Plutella xylostella; Crocidolomia binotalis; Aplikasi insektisidaAbstractInfestation of key pests, Plutella xylostella and Crocidolomia binotalis is one of constraints in cabbage cultivation. The use of netting house is being developed as an alternative tactic for controlling the pests. Information of effect of netting house in cabbage cultivation in Indonesia is limited. Therefore the experiment to test the potency of netting house to reduce pests infestation was conducted at Margahayu Research Garden (1,250 m asl.), Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute in Lembang, from December 2014 until April 2015. The experiment was arranged using paired comparison with two treatments and each treatment was replicated four times. The treatments tested were: (A) cabbage cultivation in the netting house and (B) cabbage cultivation in open field. The construction of the netting house made from metal with 2.5 m high. The roof made from the screen with specification of R10-215TrM3-80 mesh 36 with 58 holes/cm2, and the wall with specification of R2-C225TrM2-70 mesh 66 with 127 holes/cm2. Insecticide was applied if the pest population reached the control threshold. The result showed that compared with cabbage cultivation in open field, cabbage cultivation in the netting house: (1) was able to reduce population of P. xylostella larvae and plant damage due to C. binotalis, so that number of insecticide application was reduced by 62.50%, (2) increased the yield by 13.75%, and (3) produced high quality cabbage crop that showed by dietary fibre of 0.88% and density of crop of 3.89 mm/second/100 g.
Keywords
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata); Plutella xylostella; Crocidolomia binotalis; Insecticide application