Studi Fenofisiologi Pembungaan Salak Gula Pasir sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Kegagalan Fruit-Set

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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Salak Gula Pasir secara alamiah berbunga setiap 3 bulan sekali atau empat kali setahun, tetapi dariempat kali musim pembungaan, hanya satu sampai dua musim pembungaan saja yang menghasilkan buah. Kegagalanfruit-set menyebabkan panen buah salak Gula Pasir bersifat musiman. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari fenofisiologipembungaan salak Gula Pasir untuk mengatasi kegagalan fruit-set dan memproduksi buah di luar musim. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor perlakuan dan 20 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah musimpembungaan terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu musim pembungaan sela I (April), musim pembungaan gadu (Juli), dan musimpembungaan sela II (Oktober). Penelitian dilakukan di kebun salak Gula Pasir milik petani di Desa Sibetan, KecamatanBebandem, Kabupaten Karangasem, mulai bulan Maret sampai November 2009. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadappertumbuhan bunga dan buah, iklim mikro, kandungan N, P, dan K jaringan daun, dan kandungan N, P, dan K tanah.Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam sesuai dengan rancangan yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwatanaman salak Gula Pasir yang diteliti dapat berbunga dengan baik pada sela I, gadu, dan sela II, tetapi persentasefruit-set pada gadu sangat rendah (20,53%) atau persentase bunga gugur sangat tinggi (79,47%). Tingginya persentasebunga gugur pada gadu berhubungan dengan kondisi iklim yang kurang mendukung, karena rendahnya intensitascurah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan, sehingga tanaman kekurangan air, yang ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya kandunganair relatif pada daun. Pembuahan salak Gula Pasir di luar musim dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi persentasebuah gugur melalui pemberian air irigasi sebagai pengganti rendahnya curah hujan dan hari hujan.ABSTRACT. Rai, I. N., C.G.A. Semarajaya, and I. W. Wiraatmaja. 2010. A Study on the FloweringPhenophysiology of Gula Pasir Snake Fruit to Prevent Failure of Fruit-set. Flowering of Gula Pasir snake fruitnaturally occures once every 3 months or four times a year, but only one to two of flowering seasons succeeds toproduce fruit. Fruit-set failure causes the fruit harvest seasonally occurs. This research was aimed to study Floweringphenophysiology of Gula Pasir snake fruit to prevent failure fruit-set and to produce off-season fruit. A randomizedcomplete design with one treatment factor and 20 replications was used in the research. The treatment was floweringseason consisted of three levels i.e. sela I (April), gadu (July), and sela II (October). The research was conductedat a farmer’s snake fruit orchard in Sibetan Village, Bebandem Subdistrict, Karangasem Regency, from March toNovember 2009. Variables observed were flower and fruit growth, microclimate, N, P, and K leaf tissue content,and N, P, and K soil content. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (anova). The results showed that theability of the crop to flowering was the same between season of sela I, gadu, and sela II. However, the percentageof fruit-set at gadu was very low (20.53%) or flower drop was very high (79.47%). Due to unfavorable climaticecondition that was very low total rain day and rainfall. Therefore, the crop did not obtain sufficient water, that wasindicated by the lowest relative water content on leaf. Off-season fruit production of Gula Pasir snake fruit of couldbe established by decreasing the percentage of flower drop by utilyzing irrigation as the substitution of low totalrain day and rainfall.
Keywords
Gula Pasir snake fruit; Salacca edulis; Phenophysiology; Fruit-set; Off-season; Flower dropped
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