Karakter Morfologis dan Genetik Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus spp.)
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Date
2016-10-13
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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Hutan tropis Indonesia merupakan salah satu pusat keanekaragaman hayati di dunia, yang salah satu di antaranya ialah jamur tiram (Pleurotus spp.). Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari karakteristik morfologi dan genetik delapan isolat Pleurotus spp.. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2005 sampai April 2006 di Laboratorium Patologi Hutan dan Lab. Silvikultur, serta Lab. Bioteknologi Kehutanan dan Mikrobiologi Molekuler, Pusat Studi Hayati, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Tubuh buah delapan isolat jamur digunakan sebagai bahan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tubuh buah delapan isolat jamur memiliki warna putih, coklat, atau merah jambu, dengan atau tanpa tangkai, bentuk tudung berupa lingkaran penuh atau setengah lingkaran. Amplifikasi dengan primer RAPD OPO11 menghasilkan 12 pita, satu pita bersifat monomorfik dan 11 pita lainnya bersifat polimorfik yang menunjukkan keragaman pada delapan isolat jamur tiram yang dipelajari. Pengelompokan berdasarkan pola pita amplifikasi primer RAPD tersebut menghasilkan tiga kelompok isolat. Kelompok I terdiri atas isolat Pleurotus sp.17, Pleurotus sp.16, Pleurotus sp.21, Pleurotus sp.27, dan Pleurotus sp.9, kelompok II terdiri atas isolat Pleurotus sp.4 dan Pleurotus sp.5, serta kelompok III yang hanya berisi satu isolat yaitu Pleurotus sp.24. Pengelompokan berdasarkan marka RAPD tersebut sejalan dengan karakteristik morfologinya. Informasi mengenai karakter morfologis dan genetik jamur tiram diharapkan akan bermanfaat untuk pengembangannya sebagai komoditas jamur komersial.Indonesian rainforest is one of the world’s centers of biodiversity, which one of them is the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.). This research was aimed to determine the morphological and genetic characteristics of eight isolates of Pleurotus spp.. The research was conducted from September 2005 to April 2006 at Forestry Pathology Laboratirum and Silvyculture Lab., and Forestry Biotechnology Lab. and Molecular Microbiology, Center of Biology Study, Agricultural Bogor Institute. The mushroom fruit body of the eight isolates was used as the material for observation of morphological and genetic characters. The results showed that the fruit body of eight isolates exhibited white, brown, or pink in color, with or without stalk, and full or half circle of cap shape. Amplification with RAPD primers OPO11 produced 12 bands, which one band was monomorphic while the others were polymorphic that showed the variability of the eight oyster mushroom isolates. Clustering based on banding patterns of amplification primers resulted in three groups. Group I consisted of Pleurotus sp.17, Pleurotus sp.16, Pleurotus sp.21, Pleurotus sp.27, and Pleurotus sp.9 isolates. Group II included Pleurotus sp.4 and Pleurotus sp.5 isolates, while the third group contained only one isolate i.e. Pleurotus sp.24. The molecular grouping was in line with the morphological characters. Information of morphological and genetic characteristics will hopefully give benefit for the development of the oyster mushroom as one of the commercial commodities.