Perkembangan dan Kemampuan Reproduksi Tungau Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina:Tetranychidae) yang Resisten dan Peka terhadap Akarisida
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Date
2007-06-30
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Panonychus citri adalah salah satu hama penting tanaman jeruk. Perbedaan sifat kepekaan tungau ini terhadap pestisida diduga menyebabkan perubahan karakter tungau ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan perkembangan dan kemampuan reproduksi tungau P. citri yang resisten dan peka terhadap akarisida pada saat tanpa dan dengan perlakuan minyak atsiri jeruk. Populasi tungau diambil dari kebun jeruk Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Tlekung, Batu, Malang dan kebun jeruk Kusuma Agrowisata Batu, Malang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2003-Februari 2004 di Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta dan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Tlekung. Tingkat kepekaan tungau P. citri terhadap akarisida dianalisis dengan analisis probit. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan perkembangan dan kemampuan reproduksi dan pengaruh minyak atsiri terhadap tu-ngau P. citri asal kedua kebun tersebut dilakukan menggunakan analisis uji-T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk dapat membunuh 50-95% populasi P. citri asal Kusuma Agrowisata diperlukan konsentrasi propargite dan amitraze yang lebih tinggi dibanding P. citri asal Tlekung. Perkembangan dan kemampuan reproduksi tungau P. citri dari kedua lokasi tersebut tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata ketika tidak diperlakukan dengan minyak atsiri jeruk. Pada perlakuan minyak atsiri jeruk, tungau P. citri asal Kusuma Agrowisata relatif lebih toleran dibanding tungau asal Tlekung. Tungau asal Kusuma Agrowisata menghasilkan jumlah telur dan larva yang lebih banyak dibanding tungau asal Tlekung. Fakta ini menunjukkan bahwa resistensi hama sangat merugikan, karena selain hama tidak dapat dikendalikan dengan bahan kimia, sistem kekebalan yang dimiliki tanaman melalui metabolit sekunder juga menjadi tidak efektif. Oleh sebab itu aplikasi pestisida harus dilakukan hati-hati agar resistensi hama dapat dicegah.ABSTRACT. Istianto, M. 2007. The Development and Reproductive Capacity of Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina:Tetranychidae) that is Resistance and Susceptible to Acaricides. Panonychus citri mite is one of the most economically important citrus pests in Indonesia. The different status of mite susceptibility to acaricides is suspected causing the characters of P. citri change. The objectives of this research were to understand the differences of development and reproductive capacity of P. citri that was resistance and susceptible to acaricides with or without citrus essential oil treatment. Samples of P. citri were collected from citrus orchards of Kusuma Agrowisata and Indonesian Citrus and Subtropic Fruit Research Institute, Tlekung. The studies were conducted from October 2003 to February 2004 in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropic Fruit Research Institute,Tlekung, Batu, Malang and Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The susceptibility level of P. citri populations to acaricides were analysed by probit analyses while development and reproductive capacity due to citrus essential oil application were analysed by T-test. The results showed that higher concentration of propargite and amitraze acaricides were needed to kill 50-95% of P. citri population from Kusuma Agrowisata than those from Tlekung. The development and reproductive capacity of P. citri from both locations were not significantly different in the condition without citrus essential oil treatment. Citrus essential oil treatment indicated that P. citri population collected from Kusuma Agrowisata was more tolerant than from Tlekung. The number of eggs laid and larva of P. citri from Kusuma Agrowisata were higher than those from Tlekung. This facts indicated that resistance insidence could cause more disadvantage effects. Resistance of miles to pesticides also caused secondary metabolites as resistance agent of plant to pests not effective. Pesticides must be applicated at exact time, target, and concentration to avoid extended disadvantages