Preferensi Beberapa Varietas Tomat dan Pola Infestasi Hama Kutu Kebul serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Intensitas Serangan Virus Kuning
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Date
2007-12-30
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Preferensi Bemisia tabaci terhadap tanaman tomat dilakukan pada 6 varietas tomat, yaitu Gress, Idola, Ovation, BTM-855, Martha, dan Cosmonot. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang mulai bulan September hingga Desember 2005. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati antara lain populasi telur, nimfa, dan imago yang terdapat pada daun atas, tengah, dan bawah, kerusakan tanaman, pola infestasi, intensitas, dan insiden penyakit virus kuning, dan hasil panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) varietas tomat yang paling disukai oleh B. tabaci adalah Gress, Idola, dan BTM-855, sedangkan varietas yang kurang disukai adalah Martha, Cosmonot, dan Ovation, (2) tidak terdapat varietas yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit virus kuning, (3) varietas Martha relatif tahan terhadap serangan B. tabaci, H. armigera, dan penyakit virus kuning dengan hasil panen cukup tinggi (42,09 t/ha). Varietas Martha mempunyai kerapatan dan sekresi trikhoma yang cukup tinggi sehingga efektif dalam mengurangi populasi B. tabaci, dan (4) B. tabaci lebih menyukai daun atas dibandingkan dengan daun tengah dan daun bawah.ABSTRACT. Setiawati, W., B.K. Udiarto, and N. Gunaeni. 2007. Preference and Infestation Pattern of Bemisia tabaci (Genn) on Some Tomatoes Varieties and Its Effect on Gemini Virus Infestations. Six tomatoes varieties of Gress, Idola, Ovation, BTM-855, Martha, and Cosmonot were evaluated in this study. The experiment was conducted at experimental field of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from September to December 2005, and laid in a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The data observed were egg number, nymphal number, and adult number on the upper, middle, and lower of leaflets, plant damage, infestation pattern, percentage of infected plant, and marketable yield. The results of this experiment indicated that (1) the preferred varieties for oviposition and activity of B. tabaci were Gress, Idola, and BTM-855, while Martha, Cosmonot, and Ovation were the least preferred, (2) none of the varieties was found to be resistant against gemini virus, however Martha variety was somewhat resistant, (3) Martha variety was relatively resistant to B. tabaci, H. armigera, and gemini virus with the highest yield of 42.09 t/ha. This variety has high density of glandular trichome,which was effective in reducing oviposition and nymphal feeding, and (4) the number of B. tabaci was found higher at the upper leaf than the middle and lower leaf strata.