Serangan Oryctes rhinoceros pada Kelapa Kopyor di Beberapa Sentra Produksi dan Potensi Metarhizium anisopliae sebagai Musuh Alami
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Penurunan produksi karena serangan hama kumbang Oryctes rhinoceros merupakan salah satu masalah utama pada sentra produksi kelapa kopyor. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan kumbang O. rhinoceros dan musuh alami di daerah pertanaman kelapa kopyor. Pengujian efektivitas musuh alami Metarhizium anisopliae dalam mengendalikan kumbang O. rhinoceros dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma. Survei hama kumbang O. rhinoceros dan musuh alami di lakukan di empat provinsi, yaitu Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Lampung dan Sulawesi Utara, pada tahun 2011 dan 2012. Setiap Provinsi ditentukan 3-4 lokasi. Jumlah pohon contoh pada setiap lokasi sebanyak 20 pohon diambil secara acak. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah guntingan daun karena kumbang O. rhinoceros. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat serangan hama kumbang O. rhinoceros bervariasi pada setiap lokasi. Tingkat serangan di Lampung Selatan (Lampung) bervariasi antara <0,11–0,30 guntingan/pelepah penurunan produksi antara <10%-30%, Sumenep (Jawa Timur) tingkat serangan bervariasi antara 0,39–0,50 guntingan/pelepah dengan rata-rata produksi 1,80-2,84 butir/tandan, Pati, (Jawa Tengah) rata-rata guntingan bervariasi antara 0,39 - 0,61 guntingan/pelepah dengan rata-rata produksi 3,26-4,53 butir/tandan dan untuk Manado, (Sulawesi Utara) tingkat serangan bervariasi antara 0,14–2,22 guntingan/pelepah dengan rata-rata produksi antara 3,94–7,58 butir/tandan. Musuh alami M. anisopliae menyebabkan mortalitas 100% pada Larva O. rhinoceros instar 1 (L1), larva instar 2 (L2) dan larva instar 3 (L3) di laboratorium. Kata kunci: Kelapa kopyor, Oryctes rhinoceros, Metarhizium anisopliae.ABSTRACTAttacks intencity of Oryctes rhinoceros in Several Kopyor Production Center and Metarhizium anisopliae as a Potential Natural Enemies in LaboratoryThe problems of kopyor coconut cultivation are declining of production that caused by Oryctes rhinoceros beetle destroy. The research was conducted to determine the level of destroy caused by O. rhinoceros beetle and natural enemies in the kopyor crop. Effectiveness testing of natural enemies Metarhizium anisopliae in controlling O. rhinoceros beetle was carried out in the Laboratory. Survey of O. rhinoceros beetle and natural enemies was conducted in four Provinces of Central Java, East Java, Lampung, and North Sulawesi in 2011 and 2012. Each Province was determined 3 - 4 locations. Number of palm samples of each location was 20 palms selected randomly. Observation was conducted against a number of leaf cutting by O. rhinoceros beetle. The results showed that the level of O. rhinoceros beetle destroy variedat each location. It was from < 0,11 to 0.30 cut/ frond with declining of nut production varied from < 10% to 30% in South Lampung (Lampung). In Sumenep (East Java) palm leaf damaged varied from 0,39 to 0,5 cuts/frond with declining of nut production varied from 1,80 to 2,84 nuts/bunch. In Pati (Central Java) palm leaf damage varied from 0,39 to 0,61 cuts/frond with declining of nut production 3,26 to 4,53 nuts/bunch. In Manado (North Sulawesi) palm leaf damage varied from 0,14 to 2,22 cuts/frond with declining of nut production varied from 3,94 to 7,58 nuts/bunch. Test for natural enemies M. anisopliae, caused mortality of O. rhinoceros1st instar larvae (L1), 2nd instar larvae (L2) and 3rd instar larvae (L3) upto 100% in laboratory.