Pengaruh Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Terhadap Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Kadar Klorofil Daun Tembakau Cerutu
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Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat
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Penyakit virus pada tembakau cerutu menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar, yaitu dapat mengurangi produksi sekitar 7–30%. Secara morfologi, daun tembakau yang terserang virus pada umumnya menunjuk-kan gejala mosaik, berkerut atau menggulung, ukurannya menjadi lebih kecil, rapuh, elastisitas dan daya bakarnya menurun. Informasi tentang Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) dalam bidang anatomi dan fisiologi ma-sih sangat sedikit, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah informasi tentang pengaruh infeksi CMV terhadap karakter morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi daun tembakau cerutu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-November 2011, di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso dan Laboratorium Fitopatologi Balittas, Ma-lang, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Inokulum CMV diambil dari tanaman sakit di lapang dan diperbanyak pada tanaman indikator. Inokulasi dilakukan pada tanaman tembakau cerutu varietas H-382 menggunakan sprayer duco type Sagola pada tekanan kompresor 4,5 kg/cm2. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 bulan setelah tanam terhadap parameter morfologi, anatomi tanaman dan kadar klorofil daun tembakau pada skor 0–5. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tanaman yang sehat dengan tanaman yang diinfeksi CMV. Makin tinggi tingkat infeksinya, makin besar penurunan luas daun dan kadar klorofil total tanaman tembakau. Penurunan rasio klorofil a/b daun lebih tinggi pada skor 4 dibandingkan skor 5, yaitu sebesar 74%, tetapi kerusakan morfologi paling parah terjadi pada skor 5, dimana terjadi perubahan bentuk dan secara anatomi terdapat bentukan kranz (spot-spot hitam) pada berkas pembuluh. Virus disease on cigar tobacco causes significant losses on yield, due to reduction on productivity 7–30%. Morphologicaly, tobacco leaf infected by virus generally shows symptoms of mosaic, wrinkled or curled, its size becomes smaller, fragile, elasticity, and burn down. Information about cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in anatomy and physiology was still slightly, so objective of this study was to determine the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection to the character of the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of cigar tobacco leaves. The experiment was conducted in August–November 2011, at the Karangploso Experimental Station and Phytopathology Laboratory of ISFCRI, Malang, using a randomized block design with three replications. CMV was inoculated from diseased plants in the field and propagated on indicator plants. Inoculation was done on cigar tobacco H-382 varieties employing Sagola duco sprayer at a pressure of 4.5 kg/cm2 compressor. Observations were made at 3 months after planting for identifiying morphological and physiological parameters and leaf chlorophyl content of tobacco using score under 0–5. The results showed that there were significant differences between healthy plants and plants infected with CMV. The reduction in leaf area and total chlorophyl content of tobacco plants were greater as the rate of infection was higher.Decreasing in the ratio of chlorophyl a/b leaves was higher on plant with the score index of 4 than the score of 5 by 74%, but the most severe morphological damage occurs in plant with score of 5, indicating by change of shape and kranz formations (black spots) on the vascular bundle.
Keywords
Tembakau; cucumber mosaic virus; morfologi; anatomi; klorofil, Tobacco; cucumber mosaic virus; morphology; anatomy; chlorophyl