Pengaruh Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik Terhadap Produksi dan Kandungan Minyak Wijen Serta Kelayakan Usaha Tani di Lahan Pasir Pantai
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Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat
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Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) adalah komoditas perkebunan rakyat potensial sebagai sumber minyak pangan yang banyak dibutuhkan, dan mempunyai potensi agroindustri cerah untuk bahan pangan dan bahan dasar produk farmasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan terhadap produksi dan kandungan minyak wijen serta kelayakan usaha tani di lahan pasir pantai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Purworejo, Jawa Tengah, bulan Juni hingga Desember 2011. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pemupukan, yakni kontrol, pupuk kandang sapi 10 ton/ha, NPK rekomendasi (100:100:50), pupuk kandang sapi 7,5 ton/ha + 25% NPK, pupuk kandang sapi 5 ton/ha + 50% NPK, dan pupuk kandang sapi 2,5 ton/ha + 75% NPK. Faktor kedua adalah varietas, yakni Sumberrejo-1, Sumberrejo-2, dan Lokal hitam. Variabel yang diamati meliputi: tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur panen, berat biji per tanaman, berat 1.000 biji, dan kadar minyak. Parameter kelayakan usaha meliputi internal rate of return (IRR), benefit and cost ratio (B/C ratio), dan payback period (PP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh interaksi perlakuan pemupukan dan varietas. Umur berbunga tercepat 45 hari pada perlakuan kontrol. Umur panen hampir sama, yakni 105 hari. Kadar minyak total tertinggi 51,73% pada perlakuan pemupukan organik (pupuk kandang sapi) 10 ton/ha. Varietas unggul wijen Sumberrejo-1 dan Sumberrejo-2 memberikan produksi dan kadar minyak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas lokal. Budi daya wijen di lahan pasir pantai dengan menerapkan pemupukan organik memberikan kelayakan eko-nomi yang prospektif dan efisien, khususnya pada perlakuan pupuk kandang sapi 10 ton/ha dengan varietas Sumberrejo-2, dengan B/C Ratio 1,91, IRR 48%, dan PP 0,5. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a potential commodities as source of food oil, and has a high potential for agro-food industry and pharmaceutical products. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer on the production and seed oil content of sesame and the feasibility of cultivation in the sandy coastal land. This study conducted in Purworejo, Central Java, from June to December 2011. The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized block design with two factors, repeated three times. The first factor is fertilization: control, cow manure 10 ton/ha, NPK 100:100:50, cow manure 7.5 ton/ha + 25% NPK, cow manure 5 ton/ha + 50% NPK, and cow manure 2.5 ton/ha + 75% NPK. The second factor is the variety: Sumberrejo-1, Sumberrejo-2, and local black sesame. Variables observed were: plant height, days to flowering, day of harvest, seed weight, weight of 1,000 seeds, and seed oil content, as well as economic indicators (B/C ratio, IRR, and payback period). The result of study showed that no interaction effect between fertilization and variety. The fastest flowering (45 days) was on the control treatment. The age of harvest was almost the same, 105 days. Highest total seed oil content, 51.73%, obtained in the treatment of organic fertilizer 10 ton/ha. Sumberrejo-1 and Sumberrejo-2 provide production and seed oil content higher than those local varieties. Sesame cultivation in sandy coastal land provides prospective economic feasibiility and efficience, especially by applying organic fertilizer on Sumberrejo-2, with the achievements of B/C Ratio 1.91; IRR of 48%, and payback period of 0.5.
Keywords
Lahan pasir pantai; pupuk organik; kelayakan ekonomi; wijen, Sandy coastal land; organic fertilizer; economic feasibility; Sesame