The Effectiveness of Ameliorants, Fertilizer, and Mycorrhiza for Rubber Growth at Post Tin Mining Land

Abstract
Description
The use of post tin mining land for agricultural purpose is constrained by the coarse soil texture (sand), low C-organic, acid pH and low nutrient content which can be rehabilitated with soil ameliorant treatment. The research objective was to determine the best soil management of post tin mining land through the use of soil ameliorant, fertilizer, and mycorrhiza application for rubber plant growth. The research was conducted in Mandor District, Landak Regency, West Kalimantan, from 2014 until 2015. The experiment design was a split plots with 3 replications. The main plot was the use of ameliorant i.e M1 (16 kg of compost + 24 kg of quartz tailings), M2 (16 kg of clay soil + 24 kg of quartz tailings),  M3 (8 kg of compost + 8 kg of clay soil + 24 kg of quartz tailings), and control (without soil ameliorant). Subplot was fertilizer dosage i.e D1 (100% of the recommended doses), D2 (100% of the recommended doses + 100 g of mycorrhiza), D3 (125% of the recommended doses), D4 (125% of the recommended doses + 100 g of mycorrhiza). The study was conducted at altitude of  50 m asl, type A climate, annual rainfall at 2.600 mm, sandy soil (82.2%) with very low N (0.09%), very low K (0.08 cmol (+)/kg), and low P (9.24 ppm). Variables observed were the rubber plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves). Result showed that optimizing the rubber growth at post tin mining land needs soil ameliorants application such as compost and clay. Meanwhile, the optimal dose of fertilizer is 125% of the recommended dose plus 100 g of mycorrhiza.
Kendala dalam penggunaan lahan bekas tambang timah untuk pertanian ialah tekstur tanah kasar (pasir), C-organik rendah, pH masam, dan kandungan hara rendah. Lahan ini bisa dimanfaatkan kalau diberi bahan pembenah tanah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui cara pengelolaan lahan bekas tambang timah yang lebih baik melalui penggunaan bahan pembenah tanah, dosis pupuk, dan mikoriza untuk pertumbuhan tanaman karet. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Mandor, Kabupaten Landak, Kalimantan Barat, mulai tahun 2014 sampai 2015. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan petak terbagi dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah penggunaan pembenah tanah: M1 (kompos 16 kg + 24 kg tailing kuarsa), M2 (tanah liat 16 kg + 24 kg tailing kuarsa),  M3 (kompos 8 kg + tanah liat 8 kg + 24 kg tailing kuarsa), dan kontrol (tanpa pembenah tanah). Anak petak ialah dosis pupuk, yaitu D1 (100% dosis rekomendasi), D2 (100% dosis rekomendasi + mikoriza 100 g), D3 (125% dosis rekomendasi), D4 (125% dosis rekomendasi + mikoriza 100 g). Lokasi penelitian berketinggian 50 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl), iklim tipe A, curah hujan (CH) tahunan berkisar 2.600 mm, tanah kaya fraksi pasir (82,2%), N (0,09%), K (0,08 cmol(+)/kg) kategori sangat rendah, dan P (9,24 ppm) kategori rendah. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman karet (tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, dan jumlah daun). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan tanaman karet pada lahan bekas tambang timah diperlukan aplikasi pembenah tanah kompos dan atau tanah liat. Dosis pupuk yang optimal adalah 125% dari dosis rekomendasi ditambah 100 g mikoriza.
Keywords
Hevea brasiliensis; soil ameliorant; fertilizer; mycorrhiza; post tin mining land, Hevea brasiliensis; pembenah tanah; pupuk; mikoriza; tanah bekas tambang
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