Pengembangan dan Diseminasi Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian Mendukung Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Lahan Kering Masam
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Date
2015-07-05
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Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development
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Abstrak. Peranan lahan kering masam dalam mendukung pembangunan pertanian nasional sangat penting, baik untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan nasional maupun untuk pengembangan tanaman perkebunan. Tingkat produktivitas yang dicapai pada lahan kering masam masih lebih rendah dibanding potensinya, sehingga pendekatan optimamalisasi harus menjadi salah satu prioritas pembangunan pertanian ke depan. Mengingat tingkat kesuburan tanah pada lahan kering masam umumnya tergolong rendah, maka diperlukan berbagai masukan inovasi teknologi, baik untuk menanggulangi faktor pembatas lahan maupun untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitasnya. Pengembangan inovasi teknologi pengelolaan lahan kering masam telah menghasilkan beberapa teknologi unggulan, antara lain teknologi pengayaan unsur P dan K, teknik pemberian kapur, dan teknologi konservasi tanah dan air. Permasalahan diseminasi inovasi teknologi pertanian umumnya terkait dengan kesenjangan adopsi teknologi, kesenjangan hasil dan kendala sosial-ekonomi petani. Sebagian besar petani lahan kering masam mengelola lahannya secara subsisten, produktivitasnya rendah, senjang hasil dan adopsi teknologi masih tinggi, dan keberlanjutannya tidak diperhatikan sehingga berdampak terhadap terjadinya proses degradasi lahan. Guna memecahkan masalah tersebut dari aspek diseminasi diperlukan model diseminasi inovasi berbasis teknologi informasi yang dapat memanfaatkan berbagai bentuk media diseminasi dan saluran komunikasi para pemangku kepentingan yang terkait. Diseminasi melalui pendekatan model spektrum diseminasi multi channel (SDMC) memungkinkan inovasi teknologi pertanian hasil penelitian dapat didistribusikan secara cepat kepada para penggunanya.Abstract. The role of upland acid soils in supporting national agricultural development is very important to fulfill national food needs as well as to develop estate plantations. The level of productivity achieved on upland acid soils was still lower than its potential, so the optimation approach should be one of the priorities of the agricultural development in the future. Since the level of soil fertility on upland acid soils is generally low, then it is needed the input of various technological innovations, both to overcome the limiting factor of land as well as to optimize its productivity. Development of technological innovation management on upland acid soils has produced some prospective technologies, such as enrichment of P and K elements technology, the technique of lime application, as well as soil and water conservation technology. Most of dissemination problems related to adoption and yield gaps, and farmers’ socio-economic aspect. Most of the upland acid soils farmers managed the land in subsistence, low soil productivity, high gap on yield and technology adoption, and its continuation of farming development was not noted, hence gave impact to land degradation processes. To overcome such problems in perspective of dissemination aspect, it needs innovation dissemination model based on required information technology which utilizes a variety of dissemination means and communication channels of related stakeholders. Dissemination through multi-media channel systems approach may allow agricultural technology innovations to distribute quickly to its users.