KAJIAN KELAYAKAN USAHATANI DAN MARJIN TATANIAGA MANGGA (Mangifera indica) (Studi kasus di Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat)
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2014-08-05
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
Abstract
Description
This study was conducted in 2005 and took place in Majalengka District, West Java. The objectives of study were (a) to identify the characteristics of farmers and mango cultivation, (b) to analyze the economical visibility of mango farm, (c) to describe the marketing channels and marketing margin. The study used a survey method. Primary data were collected from 25 mango farmers selected by random sampling and some traders selected by snowball method with the farmers as the entry point, consist of 6 collecting traders, 3 whole trader (agents), 2 central markets, 2 supplier and 4 retail traders spread in traditional markets, fruits shops and super markets. Secondary data were collected from the Agriculture Office, the Central Agency of Statistics and the Research Institutions. The results showed that mango farm was economically suitable with benefit of Rp.23.641.230,-/ha/year and R/C of 4.64. In marketing, mango fruits were classified into two groups, namely grade A/B as main grade that was marketed in four marketing channels and grade C (non grade) that was marketed in one marketing channel to local traditional market. In the marketing grade AB, the third channel gave a highest value of marketing margin because some marketing actors implemented post-harvest handling to increase the quality of mango according to supermarket's class. The agents reached a highest margin (Rp.2.500,-/kg) because they spent a highest cost of marketing and took a highest risk caused by price fluctuation. For developing mango production, a pattern of cooperative with agribusiness actors, especially exporter is needed. The farmers are helped in capital formation and guided in good farming practices while the exporter should get a mango fruits with higher quality, looking for a new marketing channel and building the unit of mango processing industry to bridge the problem in case the mango is in peak season. Keywords: mango, farms, marketing Penelitian ini dilaksanakan tahun 2005 di Kabupaten Majalengka, Propinsi Jawa Barat dengan tujuan; (a) mengidentifikasi karakteristik petani dan budidaya mangga, (b) menganalisis kelayakan usahatani, dan (c) mempelajari saluran pemasaran serta marjin pemasaran. Penelitian menggunakan metoda survey. Data primer dikumpulkan dari 25 petani yang diambil secara acak (random sampling) dan beberaa pedagang yang diambil dengan metode snowball, yaitu mengikuti aliran penjualan mangga dengan petani sebagai titik awal, terdiri atas 6 pedagang pengumpul, 3 pedagang pengepul (agen), 2 pedagang pasar induk, 2 suplayer dan 4 pedagang pengecer di pasar tradisional, toko/kios buah dan super market. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Lembaga Penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa usahatani mangga termasuk layak secara ekonomi dengan nilai pendapatan bersih Rp.23.641.230,-/ha/tahun dan nilai R/C 4,64. Dalam pemasaran, buah mangga dikelompokan kedalam dua grade, yaitu grade AB merupakan grade utama, dipasarkan secara luas melalui empat saluran dan grade C (non grade) disalurkan ke pasar-pasar tradisional lokal melalui satu saluran pemasaran. Margin pemasaran paling besar terjadi pada saluran pemasaran yang pelaku-pelaku pasarnya melakukan penanganan hasil lebih intensif seperti suplayer dan supermarket dengan sasaran konsumen kelas ekonomi menengah ke atas. Pada seluruh saluran pemasaran grade AB, pedagang agen selalu mendapatkan marjin keuntungan paling besar, yaitu Rp.2.500,-/kg karena mereka merupakan pihak yang paling besar dalam pengeluaran biaya pemasaran dan juga resiko diakibatkan oleh fluktuasi harga jual mangga. Pengembangan produksi mangga masih perlu kerjasama dengan pelaku agribisnis, petani mendapatkan bantuan permodalan dan bimbingan praktek budidaya yang benai sementara pelaku agribisnis dapat memperoleh hasil mangga yang berkualitas, menciptakan peluang pasar baru dar mendirikan industri pengolah mangga segar untuk menjembatani kelebihan produksi pada waktu panen raya.Kata kunci: inangga, usahatani, pemasaran