FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI USAHATANI JAGUNG DI LAHAN SAWAH DAN LAHAN KERING
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2017-03-01
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Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
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The Influencing Factors of Maize Farming in The Wetland and Dryland. Within 2010 –2013, harvested area of maize had been decreased 2.53%/year from the total area of 114,839 ha. Although corn productivity is still low that is about 3.55 ton/ha, during this period there was an increase productivity by 5.11%/year. This result shows the increasing of maize technology adoption yet it is not optimal. This study was conducted in Gowa District, SouthSulawesi Province in 2015, which aimed to determine the factors that affected the roduction of maize farming. This study used a survey method. Primary data were collected through interview of farmers’respondents using simple random sampling. The total respondents were 39 people consisting of 18 wetland farmers and dryland farmers. The results of data analysis showed that the use of urea fertilizer was very high and exceeds the recommendation whereas Phonska and ZA fertilizers were very less as well as pesticides and labor so it affected maize productivity. The yield was still low around 4.69 ton/ha in wetland and 4.40 ton/ha in dry land. Financially, corn farming has been efficient in using production inputs (NPSP>1) and labor (NPTK>1) with profit of 4.470.728 IDR/ha on wetland and 3,069,777 IDR/ha on dry land. The factors of maize production together had a significant effect (F hit > Ftabel 1%) both on wetland and dry land. But separately, only on dry land, land area and labor provided siginificant effect. Partially, dry land area had a significant and positive effect on corn production, whereas labor had a significant negative effect on corn production. Without seeing the type of land, the use of urea fertilizer and labor influenced significantly yet negative. Thus, the increase of maize production in Bontonompo sub-district, South Sulawesi Province can be achieved by the addition of planting area in dry land, reduction of labor and dose reduction of urea fertilizer.land area, fertilizer, pesticides, labor, maize productivityABSTRAKSelama periode 2010–2013, luas panen jagung menurun dengan laju 2,53%/tahun dari luasan 114.839 ha. Meskipun produktivitasnya masih rendah yaitu 3,55 t/ha, namun selama periode tersebut terjadi peningkatan produktivitas dengan laju 5,11%/tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan adopsi teknologi jagung, namun belum optimal. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Gowa, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan pada tahun 2013 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani jagung. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Data primer dikumpulkan dari wawancara dengan petani responden yang diambil secara acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Total responden sebanyak 39 orang terdiri dari 18 responden petani lahan sawah dan 21responden petani lahan kering. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pupuk Urea sangat tinggi dan melebihi rekomendasi, sedangkan pupuk Phonska dan ZA sangat kurang, demikian pula pestisida dan tenaga kerja sehingga mempengaruhi produksi jagung. Produksi jagung masih rendah yakni 4,69 t/ha untuk lahan sawah dan 4,40 t/ha di lahan kering. Secara finansial kegiatan usahatani jagung telah efisien dalam menggunakan sarana produksi (NPSP>1) dan penggunaan tenaga kerja (NPTK>1) dengan keuntungan masing-masing Rp4.470.728/ha di lahan sawah dan 82 Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Vol. 20, No.1, Maret 2017:81-90 Rp3.069.777/ha di lahan kering. Faktor-faktor produksi jagung secara bersama-sama berpengaruh sangat nyata baikpada lahan sawah maupun lahan kering. Secara parsial, luas lahan kering berpengaruh nyata positif terhadap produksijagung, sedangkan tenaga kerja memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata negatif terhadap produksi jagung. Tanpa melihat tipe lahan, penggunaan pupuk Urea dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh sangat nyata negatif. Dengan demikian, peningkatan produksi jagung di Kecamatan Bontonompo, Kabupaten Gowa, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dapat dicapai dengan penambahan luas tanam di lahan kering, pengurangan tenaga kerja, dan pengurangan dosis pupuk Urea.luas lahan, pupuk, pestisida, tenaga kerja, produktivitas jagung