PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN MODEL INDUSTRI PERBENIHAN PADI RAKYAT DARI SISI KELAYAKAN USAHA: KASUS PADA PERBENIHAN PADI DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
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Date
2014-07-22
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Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
Abstract
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Development Prospect of The Farming Feasibility of Rice Seed Industry Model: A Case of RiceSeed in West Nusa Tenggara. This study was conducted in 2008 and took place in NTB. The objectives ofthe study were: (a) to describe the model of Rural Paddy Seed Industry, (b) to describe the seed production andits distribution and (iii) to evaluate the economic feasibility of seed industry. The survey method was used inthe study, where primary data were collected from 5 farmers of seed grower and 25 rice farmers. Secondarydata were collected from the Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology (AIAT)-NTB, Distric AgricultureOffice, Indonesia Statistics Bureau, and the Institutes of Agricultural Research. Results showed that AIATdeveloped a Model of the Rural Paddy Seed Industry. The first step was to learn farmer’s preference to variousVUB to select some potential varieties to be developed in NTB area. The BS seed was purchased from theIndonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) and multiplied through cooperation by seed grower managed byAIAT to produce FS and SS. They merged into a Rural Paddy Seed Institution which spread in the all regencyof NTB. During 2007, AIAT had produced the SS seed of 3 ,900 kg consisted of Cigeulis (43.0%), Mekongga(20.0%), Situ Bagendit ( 2.8%), Cibogo ( 2.2%), Ciherang ( .2%) and IR.66 (0.5%). The seed distributionfrom AIAT to the farmer’s level was channeled mostly through tender to support the National Program forRice Production (P2BN). The seeds industry was feasible economically, gave net benefit of Rp. 4.084.600,-/ha/season with B/C of ,59. Development the model of seed industry have to pay attention to some aspects,which are: construction and control, quality improvement, reffer to consumer demand, and marketing aspect.These aspects are relate each other and have equal importance. Thus they should be conducted simultaneously.Key words: Development, padi seed industry Pengkajian dilaksanakan tahun 2008 di Propinsi NTB dengan tujuan; (a) mengetahui Model IndustriPenangkaran Benih Padi Rakyat, (b) mengetahui perkembangan produksi dan distribusi benih yang dihasilkan,dan (c) mempelajari kelayakan ekonomi usaha penangkaran benih. Pengkajian menggunakan metode survey. Dataprimer dikumpulkan dari 5 petani penangkar benih dan 25 petani padi konsumsi. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dariBPTP, Dinas Pertanian, Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih (BPSB), Balai Benih Induk (BBI), Badan PusatStatistik (BPS) dan lembaga Penelitian Pertanian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pengembanganindustri perbenihan, BPTP mengembangkan Model Industri Perbenihan Padi Rakyat (MIP2R). Langkah pertamamempelajari preferensi petani terhadap berbagai VUB untuk menyeleksi jenis-jenis varietas yang potensialdikembangkan. Selanjutnya benih BS dibeli dari BB Padi dan diperbanyak melalui kerjasama dengan penangkarbenih binaan untuk menghasilkan benih FS dan kelas SS. Penangkar binaan tersebut tergabung dalam KelembagaanPerbenihan Padi Pedesaan (KP3) yang tersebar di seluruh kabupaten di NTB. Selama tahun 2007, telah diproduksiProspek Pengembangan Model Industri Perbenihan Padi Rakyat dari Sisi Kelayakan Usaha :Kasus pada Perbenihan Padi diNusa Tenggara Barat (Ade Supriatna dan Azmi Dhalimi)30total benih VUB kelas SS sebanyak 3 .900 kg terdiri atas Varietas Cigeulis (43,0%), Mekongga (20,0%), SituBagendit ( 2,8%), Cibogo ( 2,2%), Ciherang ( ,2%), dan IR.66 (0,5%). Distribusi benih sumber dari BPTP sampaike petani disalurkan paling banyak melalui penjualan lewat tender untuk kebutuhan program P2BN dan penjualanlangsung ke petani. Usaha perbenihan termasuk layak secara ekonomi, memperoleh pendapatan bersih Rp. 4.084.600/ha dengan nilai BC Ratio ,59. Pengembangan model industri perbenihan ke depan harus memperhatikan beberapaaspek, yaitu: pembinaan dan pengawalan, peningkatan kualitas, sesuai dengan permintaan pasar, dan aspekpemasaran. Keempat aspek ini saling mengkait dan sama pentingnya, serta sebaiknya dilakukan secara simultan.Kata kunci: Pengembangan, penangkaran benih padi