KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGIS Ralstonia solanacearum PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI NILAM
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKPenelitian karakteristik Ralstonia solanacearum penyebabpenyakit layu bakteri nilam telah dilakukan di pertanaman nilam petani diPasaman Barat Sumatera Barat dan laboratorium serta rumah kacaFakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Kegiatanlapangan meliputi identifikasi gejala penyakit dan pengambilan sampeltanaman sakit pada empat kebun nilam terinfeksi penyakit layu bakteriberdasarkan tingkat serangan tertinggi (di atas 75%) yang dilakukan padabulan Januari 2003. Kegiatan laboratorium dan rumah kaca meliputiisolasi dan pengamatan morfologi bakteri patogen, pengujian hipersensitif,patogenisitas, sifat-sifat bakteriologi, pigmen fluoresen, antibiotik, biovardan ras patologi yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Agustus2003. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan 31 isolat bakteripatogen yang menunjukkan reaksi hipersensitif pada daun tembakau, dan20 isolat dari isolat tersebut mampu menginfeksi bibit nilam dengan gejalalayu seperti gejala di lapangan dengan masa inkubasi menunjukkan gejala14,6 – 39,0 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI). Isolat Ns 31 adalah isolat palingvirulen. Hasil analisis sifat-sifat bakteriologi menyimpulkan isolat bakteriasal nilam dari Pasaman Barat Sumatera Barat adalah Ralstoniasolanacearum. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian biovar dan kisaran inang makaisolat tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam biovar III dan ras satu.Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon spp., penyakit, bakteri, Ralstoniasolanacearum, Sumatera Barat, D.I. YogyakartaABSTRACTPhysiological characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearumcausing bacterial wilt disease on patchouli plantThe study of characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum causingbacterial wilt disease on patchouli plant was conducted in the patchouliplant field in Pasaman Barat West Sumatera and bacteriological laboratoryand green house of Agricultural Faculty of Gadjah Mada University,Yogyakarta. The field activity were identification of disease symptom andcollection of infected plant by bacterial disease from the patchouli plantfield that have the height disease intensity (more than 75%) that wasconducted on January 2003. Activity of laboratory and green house wereisolation and assay of bacterial morphology, hypersensitive andpathogenicity test, bacteriological characteristic, fluorescens pigment,antibiotic, biotype and ras pathology were conducted from January toAugust 2003. Results showed that 31 isolates showed hypersensitivereaction on tobacco leaf. Twenty isolates infected patchouly plant withwilt symptoms with incubation period 14.6 – 39.3 days after inoculation.Ns 31 was the most virulent isolate. Analytic results of bacteriologicalcharacteristic showed that the bacterial isolates of Patchouli plant fromWest Pasaman-West Sumatera is Ralstonia solanacearum. Based onbiotype and host range test, this isolates was grouped into biotype III andras one.Key words : Patchouli, Pogostemon spp., disease, bacteria, Ralstoniasolanacearum, West Sumatera, D.I. Yogyakarta