DETEKSI SECARA SEROLOGI DAN MOLEKULER BEBERAPA JENIS VIRUS YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN PENYAKIT MOSAIK TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)
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ABSTRAKPenyakit mosaik pada tanaman nilam disebabkan oleh beberapajenis virus, yaitu Potyvirus, Potexvirus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),dan Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengidentifikasi secara serologi dan molekuler virus-virus yangberasosiasi dengan gejala mosaik pada nilam di KP. Manoko, KP. Cicurugdan lahan petani di Cijeruk. Sampel daun nilam baik yang menunjukkangejala mosaik atau pun tidak diambil dari setiap lokasi penanamanmasing–masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Kejadian penyakit ditentukan melaluideteksi serologi dengan Direct-ELISA dan Indirect-ELISA terhadap sampelmenggunakan empat antiserum, yaitu CMV, Cymbidium mosaic virus(CymMV), Potyvirus, dan BBWV2. Deteksi molekuler dengan RT-PCRdilakukan untuk mengonfirmasi virus baru yang ditemukan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala infeksi virus yang ditemukan padanilam bervariasi, yaitu mosaik lemah, mosaik kuning hijau, mosaik denganpenebalan, mosaik dengan malformasi daun, dan bintik kuning. Secaraserologi, kejadian virus pada setiap kebun bervariasi. Di KP Manoko,Potyvirus dan BBWV2 lebih dominan (100%) dibandingkan CymMV. DiKP Cicurug, kejadian Potyvirus dan CMV terlihat lebih dominan (83,3 dan80%) dibandingkan BBWV2 dan CymMV, sedangkan di Cijeruk, BBWV2lebih dominan (90%) dari Potyvirus (50%) dan CMV (13,3%). Hasil RT-PCR dengan primer degenerate BBWV, diidentifikasi BBWV2 padasampel daun nilam dari Manoko, Cicurug, dan Cijeruk, sedangkan denganprimer general Potexvirus, diidentifikasi CymMV hanya dari sampel daunnilam dari asal Manoko. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertamatentang BBWV2 dan CymMV pada tanaman nilam di Jawa Barat yangmengindikasikan bahwa virus merupakan kendala utama pada perbenihannilam yang harus segera diatasi.Kata kunci: BBWV2, CymMV, mosaik, Pogostemon cablin Benth, PCRABSTRACTMosaic symptoms on patchouli plant are associated with severalviruses, i.e. Potyvirus, Potexvirus, CMV, and BBWV2. The objective ofthe study was to detect virus(es) associated with mosaic symptoms onpatchouli at the the patchouli seed nurseries, in Manoko, Cicurug, andCijeruk. Thirty leaf samples either showing typical symptomatic mosaic orasymptomatic were taken from each location. Serological testing byDirect-ELISA and Indirect-ELISA using four antisera namely CMV,Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), Potyvirus, and BBWV2 was carriedout to test the incidence of each virus. Molecular detection by RT-PCR wasperformed to confirm the new virus(es). The results showed that symptomsof virus infection were found vary, i.e. weak mosaic, green yellow mosaic,mosaic with thickening, mosaic with leaf malformations, and yellow spot.Based on the serological detection, virus(es) incidence varied at each seednurseries. In Manoko, Potyvirus, and BBWV2 were more dominant(100%) compared with CymMV. In Cicurug, Potyvirus and CMV weremore dominat (83.3 and 80%) compared with BBWV2 and CymMV.While in Cijeruk, BBWV2 was the most dominant (90%) than Potyvirus(50%) and CMV(13.3%). Result of RT-PCR with degenerate primers pairof BBWV was succesfully identified BBWV2 from Manoko, Cicurug, andCijeruk samples, whereas by using Potexvirus general primary, CymMVwas identified only from Manoko samples. BBWV2 and CymMV werefirst reported to infect patchouli in West Java. The result indicate thatvirus(es) are the major constraint on patchouli seed that should bemanaged immediately.Key words: BBWV2, CymMV, mosaic, Pogostemon cablin Benth, PCR