EFEKTIVITAS NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN Steinernema sp. PADA HAMA UTAMA BEBERAPA TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DAN HORTIKULTURA
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Date
2005-06-17
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKNematoda entomopatogen Steinernema sp. telah banyakdimanfaatkan sebagai agens hayati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama diluar negeri, namun di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengevaluasi efektivitas 3 strain Steinernema sp. lokal terhadap beberapahama utama tanaman perkebunan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini dilakukandi Laboratorium Entomologi dan Kebun Percobaan, Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, Jawa Timur, mulai April 2001sampai Mei 2002. Tiga strain nematoda lokal, yaitu BT02, ML07, danAB05 diuji masing-masing pada konsentrasi 50; 100; 200; 400; dan 800Juvenil infektif (JI)/ml dan satu kontrol (tanpa JI). Sembilan spesiesserangga hama yang diuji yaitu Helicoverpa armigera, dan Pectinophoragossypiella (hama kapas), H. assulta dan Myzus persicae (tembakau),Plutella xylostella, dan Crocidolomia binotalis (kubis), Spodoptera exigua(bawang merah), Liriomyza sp. dan S. litura (bunga krisan). Setiap spesiesserangga mewakili satu unit pengujian. Setiap perlakuan dalam unitdisusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan.Aplikasi perlakuan dilakukan dengan metode vial, kultur sel, dan sumuran,tergantung perilaku serangga uji dan menggunakan spray chamber. Dilaboratorium, parameter yang diamati adalah sublethal (LC 25 ) dan lethalconcentration (LC 50 ), sublethal and lethal time (LT), dan produksi JI. Dilapang, hanya satu perlakuan tunggal yang digunakan yaitu LC 50 darisetiap strain nematoda. Sebanyak masing-masing 20 inang seranggadipajankan daun atau bagian tanaman yang telah disemprot dengansuspensi nematoda di lapang, kemudian serangga uji diamati dilaboratorium hingga mati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketigastrain nematoda menunjukkan efektif membunuh C. binotalis (BT02), P.xylostella, M. persicae (ML07), dan P. gossypiella (AB05), tetapi kurangefektif terhadap H. armigera (AB05), S. exigua dan S. litura (ML07), danLiriomyza sp. (BT02). Waktu efektif yang diperlukan nematoda untukmembunuh inang (Lethal Time) pada ketiga strain berkisar antara 1-4 hari.Selain efektif membunuh stadia larva, Steinernema sp. juga efektifterhadap prepupa dan pupa.Kata kunci : Tanaman perkebunan, hortikultura, Steinernema sp.,Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, H.assulta, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella, Crocidolomiabinotalis, Spodoptera exigua, S. litura, Liriomyza sp., juvenilinfektif, mortalitasABSTRACTEffectiveness of entomopathogenic nematode Steiner-nema sp. against major insect pests of plantation andhorticultureEntomopathogenic nematode of family Steinernematidae is aprospective agent for biological control of insect pests. It has been knownthat many species of insects can be infected by nematode and sometimesshowed different levels of infection. Laboratory and field study on theeffectiveness of Steinernema sp. against major insect pests of plantationand horticulture was carried out in Laboratory of Entomology andExperimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java. The objective was to find out theeffectiveness of three local strains of Steinernema sp. to any differentmajor of insect pests of plantation and horticulture. Three local strains ofnematode tested as BT02, ML07, and AB05 which each consist of fivelevel concentrations of IJ, viz. 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 IJ/ml and oneuntreated with IJ as control were tested against nine species of insect, viz.H. armigera, P. gossypiella (cotton), H. assulta and M. persicae (tobacco),P. xylostella and C. binotalis (cabbage), S. exigua (red onion), Liriomyzasp. and S. litura (chrysanthemum). Each species of insect was tested asone unit of test and treated with the same level of concentration. Eachtreatment in every unit of test was arranged in randomized completedesign with four replications. Application method of treatment used werevial, cell culture plate, and well, depends on insect behaviour. Nematodesuspension was applied by using spray chamber. Parameters observedwere sublethal and lethal concentration, sublethal and lethal time and IJproduction. In field study, only one single treatment LC 50 was used toobserve the insect mortality. In this study, twenty of insect hosts were fedon treated-sample leaves collected from the field and observed till death.The result showed that all strains of Steinernema sp. were morepathogenic and effective against C. binotallis (BT02), P. xylostella and M.persicae (ML07), and P. gossypiella (AB05), but less pathogenic againstH. armigera (AB05), S. exigua and S. litura (ML07), and Liriomyza sp.(BT02). Time needed (LT) to kill the insect host was ranged from one tofour days. Strains of nematode tested were not only effective against larvaebut also effective to kill prepupae and pupae of insect host.Key words : Estate crops, horticulture, Steinernema sp., H. armigera, P.gossypiella, H. assulta, M. persicae, P. xylostella, C.binotalis, S. exigua, Liriomyza sp, S. litura, infectivejuvenile, mortality