KERAGAMAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGIS DAN A G RONOMISP LA SMA NUTFAH KLON HARAPAN KAKAO LOKAL SULAWESI SELATAN
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Date
2016-10-13
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKKakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Sulawesi Selatan merupakan daerah sentra produksi kakao dan telah berkembang berbagai varian klon kakao lokal. Sulawesi Selatan memiliki potensi menghasilkan klon-klon kakao unggul, yang berpotensi daya hasil tinggi, memiliki ketahanan/toleransi terhadap hama penggerek buah kakao, penyakit busuk buah dan vascular streak dieback. Klon kakao lokal yang telah dikembangkan oleh petani belum pernah dilakukan karakterisasi baik morfologi maupun genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi karakter morfologi dan agronomi klon lokal harapan yang tersebar pada petani di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari – Desember 2013 di Kabupaten Luwu dan Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan. Untuk mendapatkan klon-klon harapan kakao lokal, dilakukan observasi langsung pada sentra produksi kakao. Sumber informasi adalah Pemerintah daerah (dinas terkait), penyuluh pertanian, tokoh masyarakat dan petani. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter morfologi utama klon harapan kakao lokal yang didapat saat pelaksanaan observasi. Analisis kemiripan karakter morfologi antar klon dan pengelompokan serta dendogram dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 21.0. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh sejumlah 30 klon harapan kakao lokal. Hasil analisis karakter morfologi terhadap 30 aksesi klon unggul harapan kakao lokal di Sulawesi Selatan, menunjukkan keragaman yang sempit. Hal ini mengisyaratkan bahwa perlu upaya lain untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., keragaman, morfologi, agronomi, plasma nutfah ABSTRACTMorphological and Agronomics Diversity of Cocoa Characteristics Local Promising Clones Germplasm in South Sulawesi Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of important estate crops commodities which plays a role on Indonesian economy. South Sulawesi has a potency to generate superior clones of cocoa. A number of local cocoa clones from South Sulawesi has been recommended in rehabilitation and rejuvenation in the implementation of cocoa “Gernas” (National Cocoa Planting Action). Sulawesi Cocoa local clones have a potency of high yield, resistance to pest or main diseases such as cocoa pod borer, black pod disease and vascular streak dieback which were still widespread among cocoa plantation. Although variation accured in cocoa local clones, but there had been no study on both morphological and genetic. The objective of the research was to observe morphological and agronomis characters of local cocoa promising clones that has been planted by the farmers in South Sulawesi. This research was conducted from February - Desember 2013 in Luwu District and North Luwu, in South Sulawesi. To find local cacao clones used direct observation in cocoa production centers. The information sources obtained from local government (relevant agencies). Agricultural extension, prominent societyleader and the farmers. The Observation was conducted on morphologicalcharacters, and the results were analysed on characters resemblancebetween clones. Statistic anlyses for the Grouping and dendogram wasgene rated by SPSS vertion 21.0. In South Sulawesi. The result from theanalyses of morphological characters indicated low genetic variability in 30 accessions of local cocoa clones in South Sulawesi. To such low ingenetic diversity, Indicated the need of another effort to broadan geneticvariabilityKeywords: Theobroma cacao L., genetic variability, morphology, agronomy, germplasm