Strategies and Technologies for the Utilization and Improvement of Rice
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Date
2020-12-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IAARD Press
Abstract
Description
This book aims to address those challenges, by first conducting a review of the approaches that have been conducted in the past, to identify areas that had been exploited successfully and other approaches that need to be further optimized to address the future challenges more effectively. New techniques that are beginning to be implemented or showing potentials for rice characterization and improvement in the future are also explored. In addition, rice genetic resources, which are the raw materials for rice improvement, also need to be considered. Each rice-consuming country typically has its own breeding program and genetic resource collection, and a closer collaboration for research and exchange of materials needs to be sought to expand the genetic and technological bases in each country. In particular, an important field of technology currently needed by Indonesia is cultivation technology for underutilized lands, with the emphasis on swamplands. Therefore, the potential for productivity gains in these lands is quite significant. Several variables are open to improvement, including the choice of cultivars, agronomic practices, soil amelioration, and water management.
This book constists three chapters covering policies, strategies, and tools on breeding program and use of local rice varieties, the potential of swamps land for the expansion of rice cultivation areas and available technology, and genetic diversity of local rice in swamp area and their use and development for rice production for it’s contribution to food security. This book contains articles those have been presented at the national workshop on “Codevelopment and Transfer of Rice Technologies” held in Banjarbaru-South Kalimantan, Indonesia, 2019, and some others are purposively written for this book. The purpose of this book is to introduce the scientific community and policy maker, the diversity of landraces/local variety and their use in breeding program and in rice production in swamp land.
The chapter one covered the limiting factor in increasing rice production in Indonesia, People Democratic Republic of Lao, Malaysia, and the Philippine, including their policies and strategies in rice breeding program. It was described that landraces/local rice varieties in every country are potential genetic materials that should be stepped forward their genetic by means of a breeding approach in parallel with their conservation activities and preservation purposes. Research on genetic diversity supported molecular markers is required to facilitate the efficient use of local genetic resources.
The chapter two described the characteristics, the limiting factors, and the available technologies for development of swampland as an alternative in expansion of rice farming area.
Peatlands in tidal swamp ecosystems are often associated with pyrite layers located in the lower layers, which become acidic during the dry season. Most peat soils from the tidal swamp ecosystem are in the early stage in the decomposition of organic matter in the process of peat formation (“fibric”) and even more in the upper layer. Therefore, to develop tidal swampland to be productive land need proper management through the application of appropriate technology.
The chapter three covered research on genetic diversity analysis and breeding program of rice for adaptation to swamp land ecosystem, and practical use both of local and modern varieties in production of rice in swamp area. The development of rice cultivation in tidal swamps has been in effect for a long time. The genetic diversity of rice in this area is rich, presumably due to variations in adaptation to existing natural challenges and local community habits. For this reason, the development of new varieties in swamps is not only a matter of overcoming environmental stresses but also fulfills community preferences.
Keywords
Research Subject Categories::A Agriculture/Pertanian, Rice, Genetic improvement, Technologies