PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMBERIAN AIR PADA TIGA AKSESI SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees )TERHADAP MUTU DAN PRODUKSI SIMPLISIA
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2008-06-14
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian airterhadap tiga aksesi sambiloto untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutusimplisia. Dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balittro (Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik), Bogor, dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2006.Rancangan yang digunakan adalah petak terbagi, dengan ulangan tigakali. Petak utama adalah aksesi sambiloto (3 nomor) yaitu Cmg-1, Cmg 2,dan Blali-1, anak petak adalah pemberian air (5 perlakuan) yaitu 3, 4, 5, 6,dan 7 mm/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksiantara aksesi sambiloto dan tingkat pemberian air terhadap pertumbuhantanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang dan luas daun), kecuali padaproduksi berat segar 2 bulan setelah tanam (BST) dan produksi beratkering pada 4 BST. Perlakuan Cmg-2 dikombinasi dengan pemberian air 5mm/hari menghasilkan berat segar dan kering tertinggi. Perlakuanpemberian air 3-7 mm/hari/tanaman dapat menghasilkan produksi danmutu simplisia yang dapat memenuhi standar Materia Medika Indonesia(MMI) berdasar kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar sarinya. Dengan demikiankebutuhan air sambiloto setara dengan palawija atau sayur-sayuran. MutuBlali-1 dan pada perlakuan pemberian air 3 mm/hari menunjukkan kadarsari larut alkohol tertinggi (22,28%) dan Cmg-2 pada perlakuan pemberianair 4 mm/hari menunjukkan kadar sari larut air paling tinggi (28,14%) dankadar andrografolid simplisia 1,78%.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, tingkatpemberian air, produksi, mutu simplisiaABSTRACTThe effects of water treatment on some numbers ofaccessions on the quality and production of the sympliciaof sambiloto, the king of bitter (Andrographis paniculataNees )The experiment was carried out to study the effect of watertreatment three accession of sambiloto, the king of bitter, to increase itsproductivity and symplicia. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crop Research Institute(IMACRI), Bogor, from June to December 2006. The experimentarranged in split plot design with three replications, The main factor wasthree accession number of sambiloto i.e. Cmg-1, Cmg-2, and Blali-1,whereas the sub factor was water treatments i.e. 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6mm, and 7 mm/day. The results showed that there was no interactionbetween the numbers of accessions and water treatment on the plantgrowth except for fresh weight production at 2 Month After Planting(MAP) and dry weight production at 4 MAP. Cmg-2 treatment combinedwith water treatment (5 mm/day) produced the highest fresh and dryweight. Water treatment of 3 - 7 mm/day produce the yield and quality thatmeet standard of the Materia Medika Indonesia (the material medical ofIndonesia) based on the water, ash, and gist contents. Therefore, waternecessity of sambiloto is evenly balanced with secondary crops orvegetables. The quality of Blali-1 on the water treatment of 3 mm/dayindicated the highest dissolved gist of alcohol (22.28%) meanwhile theCmg-2 on the water treatment of 4 mm/day showed the highest dissolvedgist of water (28.14%) and andrographolid content of symplicia is 1.78%.Key words : King of bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, watertreatment, yield, quality of symplicia