Identifikasi Dan Uji Keamanan Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Untuk Produk Pangan
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Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keamanan pangan asap cair tempurung kelapa untuk produk pangan dengan uji toksisitas akut dan identifikasi komponen volatil menggunakan Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Uji toksisitas akut asap cair dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai LD50 atau dosis tunggal suatu zat yang diharapkan akan membunuh 50% hewan percobaan, berdasarkan OECD 402 (2001) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Tiga ekor mencit digunakan untuk setiap perlakuan. Dosis yang diujikan adalah 0, 50, 500, 5.000, dan 15.000 mg/kg bobot badan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa nilai LD50 asap cair tempurung kelapa lebih besar dari 15.000 mg/kg bobot badan mencit. Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah RI No.74 Tahun 2001, asap cair tempurung kelapa dengan nilai LD50 lebih besar dari 15.000 mg/kg, maka termasuk bahan yang tidak toksik dan aman digunakan untuk produk pangan. Identifikasi komponen volatil asap cair tempurung kelapa diawali dengan mengekstrak bahan tersebut menggunakan diklorometan sebagai pelarut. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan terdapat 40 komponen yang teridentifikasi dari asap cair, dengan 7 komponen yang dominan yaitu 2-Methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 3,4-Dimethoxyphenol, Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 3-Methylphenol, dan 5-Methyl-1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan adanya senyawa-senyawa Policyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) yang bersifat karsinogenik termasuk benzo[a]pyrene dalam asap cair tempurung kelapa.Identification and Safety Test on Liquid Smoke Made From Coconut Shell for Food ProductThe objective of this research was to study the food safety of coconut shell liquid smoke for food products by acute toxicity test and identification of volatile compounds by means of Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Acute toxicity test of these product were assessed by determination of L050 dose (the single dose which causes the death of half the test animals) based on OECD 402 (2001) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Three mice were used for each step. The dose used were 5 fixed levels, i.e. 0, 50, 500, 5000, and 15000 mg/kg body weight. Results indicated that LO,o dose of this liquid smoke were more than 15.000 mg/kg body weight of mice. Based on regulation by the Indonesian Government (Regulation 74/RII2001), liquid smoke with LDso value more than 15.000 rug/kg body weight of mice, is not toxic and safe for food products. Identification of volatile compounds of liquid smoke was started by extracted these product using dichloromethane as a solvent. Result of GC-MS showed that liquid smoke comprised 40 components. From GC-MS spectra were identified 7 peaks of a higher proportions. They were identified as 2-Methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, Phenol, 2- methoxy-4-rnethylphenol, 4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 3-Methylphenol, and 5-Methyl-I.2.3-trimethoxybenzene. Neither benzo[a]pyrene nor other polycyclic aromatic compounds with carcinogenic properties were found in the liquid smoke.
Keywords
asap cair tempurung kelapa; toksisitas akut; komponen volatile; GC-MS; keamanan pangan; coconut shell liquid smoke; acute toxicity; volatile compounds; food safety.