Kajian Teknis dan Ekonomis Sistem Tanam Dua Varietas Cabai Merah di Dataran Tinggi
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kelayakan teknis dan ekonomis sistem tanam monokultur dan tumpangsaridua varietas cabai merah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian TanamanSayuran Lembang, dari bulan September 2006 sampai dengan Februari 2007. Penelitian menggunakan perlakuanyang terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu varietas cabai merah (Hot Chili dan Tanjung-2) dan sistem tanam (monokulturcabai merah dan tumpangsari cabai merah + kubis), seluas 2.500 m2/perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasistem tanam tumpangsari antara cabai merah dengan kubis tidak memengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman cabai merah.Organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) yang menyerang pertanaman cabai merah selama percobaan berlangsungadalah gangsir, trips, kutukebul, kutudaun, layu bakteri, dan antraknos. Varietas Tanjung-2 terbukti relatif lebih tahanterhadap serangan OPT dibandingkan dengan varietas Hot Chili, serta mampu menekan kerusakan tanaman hingga50%. Secara teknis, hasil produksi varietas Tanjung-2 (monokultur dan tumpangari) lebih rendah dibanding HotChili. Secara ekonomis, penggunaan varietas Hot Chili yang ditumpangsarikan dengan kubis adalah yang palingmenguntungkan, dengan tingkat pengembalian marjinal yang lebih besar dari satu (>1) dan paling tinggi (458,95%)di antara perlakuan yang lain. Dengan diperolehnya teknologi sistem tanam cabai merah spesifik lokasi dataran tinggiyang secara teknis dapat diterapkan dan secara ekonomis menguntungkan, maka secara sosial akan mempunyaipeluang tinggi untuk diadopsi oleh petani.ABSTRACT. Soetiarso, T. A. and W. Setiawati. 2010. Technical and Economical Studies on Two Hot PepperVarieties Planting Systems in Highland Areas. The research was conducted to assess the technical and economicalfeasibility of two hot pepper varieties planting systems i.e. monoculture and intercropping in highland areas. It wascarried out in IVEGRI’s experimental garden from September 2006 to February 2007. The treatments used in theresearch consisted of two factors. The first factor was hot pepper varieties (Hot Chili and Tanjung-2) and the secondone was planting systems (monoculture of hot pepper and intercropping of hot pepper + cabbage). The results showedthat hot pepper intercropped with cabbage did not affect the growth of hot pepper. Some important pests and diseasesattacking hot pepper were crickets, thrips, bemisia, myzus, bacterial wilt, and anthracnose. Tanjung-2 was relativelymore resistant to pests and diseases than Hot Chili, and reduces of plant damage up to 50%. Agronomically, the yieldof Tanjung-2 as monocropped or intercropped was lower than Hot Chili. Compared to the other treatments, the use ofHot Chili variety intercropped with cabbage was the most profitable option economically. The marginal returns forthis option was greater than one (>1) and the highest (458.95%). The results suggest that the specifically-designedhighland hot pepper planting systems was not only technically feasible, but also economically viable. Hence, it hasgreat potential to be socially accepted and adopted by farmers as the end-users.
Keywords
Hot pepper; Capsicum annuum; Variety; Planting system; Technical feasibility; Economical feasibility; Highland.