Rekayasa Genetik untuk Perbaikan Tanaman
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Date
1996
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan
Abstract
Herman, M. 1996. Genetic Engineering for Crop Improvement^. Buletin AgriSfo 1(1): 24-
34. Plant breeders and genetic engineers share the common goal of plant improvement. While plant breeders conventionally use selective breeding for varietal enhancement, genetic engineers continue to develop techniques for the isolation and insertion of genes for desirable traits. Several steps using both cellular and molecular biology techniques are involved in producing a genetically engineered plant. Plant tissue culture is the foundation of plant genetic engineering in higher plants. The capacity to transform plants with desired genes is determined by the ability to effi ciently regenerate them from transformed cells or tissues. Several commonly used methods for the transfer of DNA are Agrobactarium mediated genetic transformation or introduced to the plants di
rectly through either the use of particle bombardment or the use of electroporation. Several genes of use for crop improvements through genetic engineering are genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress: Bt and proteinase inhibitor genes (insect resistance); chitinase gene (fungi resistance); phosphinothricin acetyi transferase gene (herbicide resistance); metallothionen-ll (heavy metal). Modified product quality genes are chalcone synthase gene (flower pigments) and polygalacturonase gene (delayed fruit ripening).
Description
Keywords
Crops improvement, genetic engineering, gene transfer, transformation.