Pengaruh Pemangkasan dan Aplikasi Sitokinin terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Teh (Camellia sinensis)
No Thumbnail Available
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
Abstract
Description
Pemangkasan pada tanaman teh merupakan salah satu rekayasa ekofisiologi yang dilakukan untuk menginisiasi pertumbuhan tunas sebagai bakal pembentukan pucuk peko. Sitokinin, salah satunya benzil amino purin (BAP), merupakan zat pengatur tumbuh yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk memacu inisiasi tunas setelah pemangkasan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemangkasan dan penggunaan sitokinin terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman teh. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina Gambung pada ketinggian 1250 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl), mulai bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018. Penelitian menggunakan tanaman menghasilkan (TM) klon GMB 7 berumur 7 tahun. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 8 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan sehingga terdapat 32 unit percobaan, meliputi perlakuan pemangkasan bersih dan pemangkasan jambul/ajir, tinggi pemangkasan 40 cm dan 60 cm, serta konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh BAP. Peubah yang diamati adalah jumlah pucuk peko, jumlah pucuk burung, bobot segar dan kering pucuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dari jenis dan tinggi pangkasan dengan pemberian BAP berpengaruh terhadap jumlah pucuk peko dan pucuk burung pada pemetikan ke-3, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap bobot segar dan kering pucuk. Perlakuan pemangkasan secara bersih ataupun jambul/ajir pada tinggi pangkas 60 cm dan diikuti pemberian BAP 60 ppm, merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam menghasilkan jumlah pucuk peko dan mengurangi jumlah pucuk burung.
Pruning on tea plants is an ecophysiological manipulation to initiate the growth of new shoots as the formation of pecco shoots. Cytokinin, one of which is benzyl amino purine (BAP), is a growth regulator that can be applied to stimulate shoot initiation after being pruned. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pruning and cytokinin application on the growth and yield of tea. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Tea and Quinine Research Center, Gambung at an altitude of 1250 m above sea level (asl), from June to August 2018. Plant material used in this study was a 7-year-old GMB 7 clone. The exerimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of eight treatment combinations with four replications and contained 32 experimental units. The treatments used were clean and jambul/ajir pruning, 40 cm and 60 cm pruning height and BAP concentration. The variable observed were number of pecco shoots, number of banji shoots, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots. The results showed that the combination of type and height of pruning with the BAP application affected the number of pecco and banji shoots on the third picking, but did not affect the fresh and dry weight of shoots. The treatment of clean and jambul/ajir pruning at 60 cm height and added with BAP application at 60 ppm exhibited the best treatment in producing the number of shoots and reduce the number of banji shoots.
Pruning on tea plants is an ecophysiological manipulation to initiate the growth of new shoots as the formation of pecco shoots. Cytokinin, one of which is benzyl amino purine (BAP), is a growth regulator that can be applied to stimulate shoot initiation after being pruned. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pruning and cytokinin application on the growth and yield of tea. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Tea and Quinine Research Center, Gambung at an altitude of 1250 m above sea level (asl), from June to August 2018. Plant material used in this study was a 7-year-old GMB 7 clone. The exerimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of eight treatment combinations with four replications and contained 32 experimental units. The treatments used were clean and jambul/ajir pruning, 40 cm and 60 cm pruning height and BAP concentration. The variable observed were number of pecco shoots, number of banji shoots, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots. The results showed that the combination of type and height of pruning with the BAP application affected the number of pecco and banji shoots on the third picking, but did not affect the fresh and dry weight of shoots. The treatment of clean and jambul/ajir pruning at 60 cm height and added with BAP application at 60 ppm exhibited the best treatment in producing the number of shoots and reduce the number of banji shoots.
Keywords
Banji shoots; benzyl amino purine; cytokinin; pecco shoots; pruning, , Benzil amino purin; pemangkasan; pucuk peko; pucuk burung; sitokinin,