ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA TANI KELAPA KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN GAMBUT: STUDI KASUS DI KAMPAR, RIAU
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Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
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Sustainability Analysis of Oil Palm Farming Business in Several Management and Types of Business Land in Kampar, Riau. Oil palm is one of the mainstay of export commodities and farmers' income, including cultivated on peat land. The use of peat land for agriculture is feared to threaten the sustainability of farming, mainly due to a decrease in environmental quality. Sustainability analysis of oil palm had objectives to assess the sustainability index of oil palm farming system from some of the plasma management of oil palm farmers and to to determine sensitive factors or leverage points as suggestions to improve the sustainability of oil palm farming system especially on peatlands. Through multidimensional scalling (MDS) analysis based on five dimensions such as economic, ecological, social, technological, and legal and institutional. MDS analysis was carried out on six management models of oil palm farming. The results of the analysis showed that the plasma management of oil palm farmers assisted by private companies (PT. Agro Lestari) on peatlands was the highest level of sustainability, which index sustainability was 60.2 or in a fairly sustainable category. Sensitive factors that can used as a determinant point of the sustainability of farming system, including market access , cultivated land area of farmers, and reasonable prices (economic dimension); maturity of peat land, and the existence of cover crops as ground cover plants (ecological dimension); negative oil palm issues, the role of farmer groups and availability of labor at the local level (social dimension); availability of road facilities (technology dimension); companion effectiveness, ease of licensing, and integration and contribution of existing institutions in the regions related to oil palm farming system (legal and institutional dimensions). Those sensitive factors were leverage points that need to be considered and encouraged in their implementation so that the sustainability of oil palm farming system continues to increase. Keywords: oil palm, sustainability index, MDS analysis, peatland ABSTRAKKelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan ekspor dan pendapatan petani, diantaranya diusahakan di lahan gambut. Pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk pertanian dikhawatirkan akan mengancam keberlanjutan usahatani terutama akibat penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Analisis keberlanjutan usaha tani kelapa sawit ini mempunyai tujuan untuk menilai indeks keberlanjutan usaha tani kelapa sawit dari beberapa manajemen pengelolaan kelapa sawit petani plasma, dan menentukan faktor peka atau titik ungkit sebagai saran dalam meningkatkan keberlanjutan usaha tani kelapa sawit khususnya di lahan gambut, dengan menggunakan analisis Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) berdasarkan lima dimensi yaitu ekonomi, ekologi, sosial, teknologi, serta hukum dan kelembagaan. Analisis MDS dilakukan terhadap enam model manajemen pengelolaan usaha tani kelapa sawit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan manajemen pengelolaan kelapa sawit petani plasma binaan perusahaan swasta (PT. Agro Lestari) di lahan gambut merupakan model manajemen pengelolaan usaha tani kelapa sawit yang paling tinggi tingkat keberlanjutannya, dengan indeks keberlanjutan 60,2 atau masuk katagori cukup berkelanjutan. Faktor peka yang dapat menjadi titik ungkit dalam dimensi ekonomi meliputi akses pasar, luas lahan garapan petani, dan harga TBS yang layak, faktor peka dalam dimensi ekologi adalah kematangan lahan gambut, dan keberadaan tanaman cover crops sebagai tanaman penutup tanah. Faktor peka pada dimensi sosial di antaranya isu negatif kelapa sawit, peran kelompok tani dan ketersediaan tenaga kerja di tingkat lokal, faktor peka dalam dimensi teknologi adalah ketersediaan fasilitas jalan, sedangkan faktor peka pada dimensi hukum dan kelembagaan adalah efektivitas pendamping, kemudahan perijinan, serta keterpaduan dan kontribusi lembaga yang ada di daerah terkait usaha tani kelapa sawit. Faktor-faktor peka tersebut, merupakan titik ungkit yang perlu diperhatikan dan didorong dalam implementasinya agar keberlanjutan usaha tani kelapa sawit terus meningkat.Kata kunci: kelapa sawit, indeks keberlanjutan, analisis MDS, lahan gambut
Keywords
oil palm, sustainability index, MDS analysis, peatland,kelapa sawit, indeks keberlanjutan, analisis MDS, lahan gambut