PENGARUH FORMULA PEMBENAH TANAH ORGANOMINERAL TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG PADA LAHAN KERING MASAM
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan
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Abstrak Penelitian pengaruh pembenah tanah organomineral terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada lahan kering masam telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Besar Mektan di Serpong Tanggerang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas formula pembenah tanah organomineral untuk perbaikan sifat kimia tanah mineral masam dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol tanpa pupuk dan amelioran, NPK standar, 5 tingkat dosis pembenah tanah organomineral (OM) dan dolomit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembenah tanah OM dapat meningkatkan pH tanah masam dan menurunkan kelarutan unsur beracun Al. Perlakuan dolomit 1,5 t/ha menunjukkan pengaruh paling besar dalam perbaikan sifat tanah, namun pembenah tanah OM 2 t/ha menunjukkan hasil yang hampir sama. Perbaikan sifat kimia tanah diikuti dengan pertumbuhan tanaman yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan NPK rekomendasi. Perlakuan pembenah tanah OM meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan diikuti peningkatan produksi jagung pipilan. Peningkatan produksi jagung sebesar 15,7% diperoleh dengan perlakuan pembenah tanah OM sebanyak 2 t/ha. Pertumbuhan dan produksi maksimum tanaman jagung dapat diperoleh dengan aplikasi pembenah tanah organomineral dengan dosis 1.750 kg/ha. Abstract Research of the effect of organomineral soil amendment formula to the soil chemical properties and the growth of maize on acid upland was carried out at the Experimental station of the Center for Agricultural Mechanization Research and Development in Serpong Tanggerang. The objectives of the study is to examine the effectiveness of organomineral soil amendment formula to improve the soil chemical properties of acid upland and improve plant growth. The study used a randomized block design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of controls without fertilizers and ameliorants, standard NPK, 5 dose levels of organomineral (OM) soil amendment and dolomite. The results showed that OM soil amendment can significantly increase soil pH and reduce the exchangeable aluminium, a toxic element to plant growth. Dolomite treatment of 1.5 t/ha showed the best effect in improving soil properties, but OM soil amendment 2.0 t/ha showed almost the same results. Improvements in soil chemical properties were followed by better plant growth compared to NPK treatment as a benchmark. OM soil amendment treatment gradually increased plant growth and followed by increased shelled grain corn. The increase of shelled grain corn yeild by 15.7% was obtained by applying OM soil amendment as much as 2 t/ha. Base on the yield curve, the maximum growth and yield of corn can be obtained by applying organomineral soil amendment at a dose of 1,750 kg/ha.
Keywords
pembenah tanah; organomineral; lahan kering masam; produktivitas; kapur; soil amendment; organomineral; acid upland; productivity; lime