Alternatif Model Usahatani Konservasi Tanaman Sayuran di Hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung
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Date
2013-08-02
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung merupakan lahan kering dataran tinggi. Penggunaan lahan yang tidaksesuai dengan kesesuaian, menyebabkan lahan mengalami degradasi. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah merancangalternatif model usahatani konservasi tanaman sayuran di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung, sedangkan tujuan antara ialah(1) mengevaluasi kesesuaian penggunaan lahan existing sesuai dengan kesesuaian lahannya, (2) mengarakterisasiusahatani existing, dan (3) menganalisis komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada subsistem usahatani konservasi.Penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas kesesuaian penggunaan lahanexisting di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung tergolong sesuai marginal (S3) dengan faktor pembatas pH, KB, KTK,ketersediaan oksigen, dan lereng. Kegiatan usahatani yang dilakukan petani di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung sudahberorientasi agribisnis, sehingga penggunaannya sangat intensif, namun belum sepenuhnya menerapkan teknologikonservasi. Komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada subsistem usahatani adalah jenis tanaman, sistem penanaman, danpenggunaan bahan amelioran, sedangkan pada subsistem konservasi adalah konservasi mekanik dan penggunaan mulsa.Lima alternatif model usahatani konservasi tanaman sayuran di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung yang diperoleh, yaitu (1)model A: sistem usahatani konservasi teras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur,sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (2) model B: sistem usahatanikonservasi teras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistempenanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (3) model C: sistem usahatani konservasiteras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistempenanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (4) model D: sistem usahatani konservasiteras gulud, bedengan searah lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, dan (5) model E: sistem usahatani konservasi teras gulud, bedengan searahlereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III. Model A, B, dan C diarahkan untuk dapat diterapkan pada lahan dengankemiringan 16-25%, sedangkan model D dan E diarahkan pada lahan dengan kemiringan 8-15%. Untuk mempercepatpenerapan model usahatani konservasi oleh petani diperlukan kelembagaan penunjang usahatani konservasi.ABSTRACT. Sutrisna, N., Santun R.P. Sitorus, B. Pramudya, and Harianto. 2010. The Alternative ConservationFarming System Model on Vegetable Plants in Upstream Areas of Subwatershed Cikapundung. The upstreamarea of Subwatershed Cikapundung are located in the dry highland. Inappropriate land usage that doesn’t utilize itsland suitability causes land degradation. The main objective of this research was to design the alternative conservationfarming system model on vegetable plants in upstream areas of subwatershed Cikapundung. The other objectives were(1) to analyze suitability of existing land utilization, (2) to characterize existing farming system, and (3) to analyzethe most effective component of the conservation farming system. This research was conducted by using a surveymethod. The results showed that the category in accordant to existing land use was belong to marginally suitable(S3). The limited factors were pH, base saturation, CEC, drainage, and slope. The most influence component of theconservation farming system were kinds of vegetation, cropping system, ameliorant, conservation techniques, andplastic mulch. There were five alternative models of conservation farming system that can be used in upstream areas ofsubwatershed Cikapundung. Those were (1) model A: conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankmentcrosses the slope, uses of organic matter and lime, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categoriesI+III or II +III, (2) model B: conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankment crosses the slope, usesorganic matter, uses mulch, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categories I+III or II+III, (3) model C:conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankment one-way the slope, use organic matter and lime, usesmulch, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categories I+III or II+III, (4) model D: conservation farmingsystem gulud terraces, the embankment one-way the slope, uses organic matter and lime, and planting of vegetablescropping system with categories I+III or II+III, and (5) model E: conservation farming system gulud terraces, theembankment one-way the slope, uses organic matter and lime, uses mulch, and planting of vegetables cropping systemwith categories I+III or II+III. The alternative models A, B, and C can be used at sloping land 16-25%, meanwhilethe alternative models D and E at sloping land 8-15%. To accelerate the implementation of farming system modelby farmers, the supporting institution of conservation farming system is required.