Pengaruh Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman terhadap Bercak Hitam dan Embun Tepung pada Tanaman Mawar Varietas Pertiwi
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2008-12-31
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Kendala pada budidaya tanaman mawar di antaranya adalah penyakit tanaman, seperti penyakit bercak hitam dan embun tepung. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian penyakit tanaman adalah penggunaan fungisida botani. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak tanaman terhadap bercak hitam (Marssonina rosae) dan embun tepung (Oidium sp.) pada tanaman mawar. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Segunung (1.100 m dpl.), dari bulan April 2002 sampai Maret 2003. Perlakuan penelitian ini adalah kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), kencur (Kaempferia galanga), arang sekam, temu lawak (Curcuma xanthorriza), nyiri (Xylocarpus granatum), nimba (Azadirachta indica), kunyit (Curcuma domestica), temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria), temu hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa), jahe (Zingiber officinale), pinang (Areca catechu), bratawali (Tinospora tuberculata), teh (Thea sinensis), pinus (Pinus merkusii), onje (Phaeomeria speciosa), dan lengkuas (Languas galanga). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang 5 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak tanaman yang efektif terhadap bercak hitam sebelum terjadinya infeksi adalah arang sekam, daun teh, jahe, kencur, temu lawak, daun nyiri, daun nimba, dan temu hitam. Ekstrak tanaman yang efektif dapat menurunkan intensitas serangan embun tepung adalah daun nimba, temu hitam, jahe, onje, teh, kencur, dan lengkuas. Perlu ada uji lanjut efikasi ekstrak tanaman terhadap bercak hitam dan embun tepung pada tanaman mawar.ABSTRACT. Rahardjo, I.B. and Suhardi. 2008 The Effect of Several Plant Extracts on Black Spot and Powdery Mildew of Rose Pertiwi Variety. One of the constraints on rose plant cultivation was disease infection, especially black spot and powdery mildew. The alternatives to control the diseases was the use of botanic fungicide. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effffectiveness of plant extracts to control black spot (Marssonina rosae) and powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) on rose. The experiment was conducted in the Greenhouse of Indonesian Ornamental Plant Research Institute (1,100 m asl.), from April 2002 to March 2003. The treatments were control (no treatment), galingale (Kaempferia galanga), rice coal, wild ginger (Curcuma xanthorriza), Xylocarpus granatum, neem (Azadirachta indica), turmeric (Curcuma domestica), Curcuma zedoaria, Curcuma aeruginosa, ginger (Zingiber officinale), areca nut (Areca catechu), Tinospora tuberculata, tea (Thea sinensis), pinus (Pinus merkusii), torch ginger (Phaeomeria speciosa), and galanga (Languas galanga). A complete randomized design with 5 replications were used. The results of the experiment showed that plant extracts which effffective to control black spot before infection occured were rice husk charcoal, tea leaves, ginger, galingale, wild ginger, Xylocarpus granatum, neem leaves, and Curcuma aeruginosa. While plant extracts which effffectively decreased powdery mildew intensity were neem leaves, Curcuma aeruginosa, ginger, torch ginger, tea, galingale, and galanga. Futher study is needed to verify the efficacy of plant extract to control black spot and powdery mildew on roses.