Ekspresi Fenotipik Klon Kopi Robusta “Sidodadi” pada Tiga Ketinggian Tempat
No Thumbnail Available
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
Abstract
Description
Kopi Robusta “Sidodadi” merupakan salah satu klon kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani yang paling banyak dikembangkan di wilayah Bengkulu. Klon tersebut tersebar pada berbagai ketinggian tempat sehingga diduga terdapat keragaman ekspresi fenotipik sebagai akibat pengaruh perbedaan lingkungan tumbuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap ekspresi fenotipik kopi Robusta “Sidodadi”. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi dengan ketinggian tempat berbeda di Provinsi Bengkulu: (1) 600 m dpl (Desa Sukarami, Kecamatan Bermani Ulu, Kabupaten Curup), (2) 900 m dpl (Desa Airsempiang, Kecamatan Kabawetan, Kabupaten Kapahiang), dan (3) 1.200 m dpl (Desa Airles, Kecamatan Muara Kemumuh, Kabupaten Kapahiang), mulai Januari 2014 sampai Oktober 2015 dengan metode survei. Sebanyak 5 pohon ditentukan secara acak pada setiap unit percobaan dan masing-masing diulang 5 kali. Karakter fenotipik yang diamati meliputi morfologi vegetatif dan komponen hasil, kandungan kafein biji, dan mutu citarasa seduhan. Data morfologi vegetatif dan komponen hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji beda dua rata-rata t-Student pada taraf 5%. Sampel biji kopi yang digunakan sebanyak 500 g dengan kadar air 10%–10,9% yang diambil pada tiga ketinggian tempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketinggian tempat berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan komponen hasil kopi Robusta “Sidodadi”. Pada ketinggian 1.200 m dpl menghasilkan pertumbuhan vegetatif, generatif, dan komponen hasil kopi lebih baik, namun kandungan kafein lebih rendah, dibandingkan dengan ketinggian 600 dan 900 m dpl. Mutu citarasa terbaik dengan nilai skor 85,25 dihasilkan pada ketinggian 900 m dpl dengan karakter citarasa high body, long aftertaste, serta aroma dark chocolate dan caramelly.
Coffee "Sidodadi" is the Robusta coffee clone, selected by farmers, widely developed in the Bengkulu region. The clones are distributed at different altitudes, i.e. 600, 900, and 1,200 m asl and presumably have different phenotyphic expression due to different growth environment. This study aimed to determine the influence of altitudes on the phenotypic expression of coffee "Sidodadi". The study was conducted at (1) 600 m asl (Sukarami subdistrict, Bermani Ulu district, Curup Regency), (2) 900 m asl (Airsempiang subdistrict, Kabawetan district, Kapahiang Regency), and (3) 1,200 m asl (Airles subdistrict, Muara Kemumuh District, Kapahiang Regency), from January 2014 to October 2015 with a survey method. A total of 5 trees were randomly assigned to each experimental unit and each was repeated 5 times. Phenotypic characters observed including vegetative morphology and yield components (data obtained using the difference test of two average t-Students on the 5% level), caffeine content, and cupping-test score. The sample of coffee beans used was 500 g with a water content of 10%–10.9% taken at three different altitudes. The results showed a significant effect of altitude on vegetative growth and yield components of "Sidodadi" Robusta coffee. Altitude of 1.200 m asl produces vegetative, generative, and higher-yielding coffee yields, but with lower caffeine content than those grown at 600 and 900 m asl. Meanwhile, the best flavor quality with a score of 85.25 is indicated by "Sidodadi" Robusta coffee grown at an altitude of 900 m asl which delivered high body, long aftertaste, dark chocolate aroma, and caramelly flavor.
Coffee "Sidodadi" is the Robusta coffee clone, selected by farmers, widely developed in the Bengkulu region. The clones are distributed at different altitudes, i.e. 600, 900, and 1,200 m asl and presumably have different phenotyphic expression due to different growth environment. This study aimed to determine the influence of altitudes on the phenotypic expression of coffee "Sidodadi". The study was conducted at (1) 600 m asl (Sukarami subdistrict, Bermani Ulu district, Curup Regency), (2) 900 m asl (Airsempiang subdistrict, Kabawetan district, Kapahiang Regency), and (3) 1,200 m asl (Airles subdistrict, Muara Kemumuh District, Kapahiang Regency), from January 2014 to October 2015 with a survey method. A total of 5 trees were randomly assigned to each experimental unit and each was repeated 5 times. Phenotypic characters observed including vegetative morphology and yield components (data obtained using the difference test of two average t-Students on the 5% level), caffeine content, and cupping-test score. The sample of coffee beans used was 500 g with a water content of 10%–10.9% taken at three different altitudes. The results showed a significant effect of altitude on vegetative growth and yield components of "Sidodadi" Robusta coffee. Altitude of 1.200 m asl produces vegetative, generative, and higher-yielding coffee yields, but with lower caffeine content than those grown at 600 and 900 m asl. Meanwhile, the best flavor quality with a score of 85.25 is indicated by "Sidodadi" Robusta coffee grown at an altitude of 900 m asl which delivered high body, long aftertaste, dark chocolate aroma, and caramelly flavor.
Keywords
Kopi Robusta; ekspresi fenotipik; ketinggian tempat; klon, Robusta coffee; phenotypic expression; altitude; clone