Uji Daya Hasil Tujuh Genotipe Cabai Rawit pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi Pangalengan, Jawa Barat (Yield Trial of Seven Genotypes of Chili in Highland Ecosystem in Pangalengan, West Java)
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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Cabai rawit merupakan salah satu sayuran utama petani di dataran tinggi, karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan dapat dengan mudah ditanam secara tumpang gilir dengan komoditas sayuran lainnya. Tujuan pengujian adalah mengetahui daya hasil genotipe-genotipe harapan cabai rawit pada agroekosistem dataran tinggi di Pangalengan. Pengujian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak, dengan empat ulangan. Bahan pengujian terdiri dari empat genotipe harapan cabai rawit yang merupakan koleksi plasma nutfah Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, yaitu CRM 01, CRM 02, CRM 03, dan CRM 04 serta tiga varietas pembanding, yaitu Hot Seed, Patra, dan Bara. Pengujian dilakukan di Desa Gunung Cupu, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, 1.500 m dpl. Waktu pengujian bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2014. Data yang diamati meliputi data morfologi tanaman dan produktivitas hasil. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakter fenotipik antartujuh genotipe yang diuji. Genotipe CRM 03 menampilkan potensi hasil yang tertinggi (9,64 ton/ha), dengan karakter buah muda berwarna putih dan buah tua berwarna merah oranye. Genotipe CRM 03 dan genotipe Bara sangat cocok ditanam di dataran tinggi Pangalengan karena memiliki potensi hasil yang tinggi, yaitu CRM 03 mencapai 9,64 ton/ha sementara varietas pembanding Bara 8,76 ton/ha. Genotipe CRM 03 diharapkan akan menjadi varietas unggul baru cabai rawit yang mempunyai produktivitas tinggi dan cocok ditanam di Pangalengan dan akan mendongkrak produktivitas cabai rawit di Pangalengan dan daerah lainnya yang mempunyai agroekologi mirip dengan dataran tinggi Pangalengan.KeywordsCabai rawit (Capsicum sp.); Genotipe; Hasil; Dataran tinggiAbstractChili (Capsicum sp.) is the main vegetable for farmers in the highland because it has high economic value and can be grown intercrop with others vegetables. The objective of the research was to test advanced genotypes of chili on yield under ecosystem highland of Pangalengan. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. Four genotypes of chili that were CRM01, CRM 02, CRM 03, and CRM 04 derived from advanced genotype from Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute and three varieties as comparison (Hot seed, Patra, and Bara) were used for treatments. The trial was conducted at Pangalengan, Bandung District, West Java Province, 1.500 m above sea level. The experiment was conducted since March until December 2014. Data observed was plant morphology and yield productivity. The result showed that was different phenotypic among the seven genotypes tested. CRM 03 Genotype was showed highest yielding (9.64 ton/ha), which has fruit character white and red orange for young and mature fruit. CRM 03 genotypes as well as variety of Bara was suitable to be grown in highland of Pangalengan due to high yielding. Yield obtained from CRM 03 was 9.64 ton/ha, whereas, Bara was 8.76 ton/ha. CRM 03 genotype hopefully can be released as a new variety with high yielding and adapted for Pangalengan and others locations similar to Pangalengan.
Keywords
Chili (Capsicum sp.); Genotype; Yield; Highland