Pengaruh Aplikasi Lecanicillium lecanii Terhadap Ambang Kendali Trips Pada Tanaman Kentang (Effect of Application of Lecanicillium lecanii on Control Threshold of Thrips in Potato)
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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Cendawan entomopatogen Lecanicillium lecanii merupakan musuh alami potensial bagi trips. Pemanfaatannya dalam budidaya kentang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan nilai ambang kendali Thrips palmi dalam rangka mendukung pelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi ambang kendali trips dengan menambahkan penggunaan L. lecanii sebagai agens pengendalian hayati. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Marga Mekar (1.200 m dpl.), Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat, dari bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2016. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan tiap perlakuan diulang empat kali. Macam perlakuan yang diuji adalah: (A) ambang kendali satu nimfa trips/daun + L. lecanii, (B) ambang kendali enam nimfa trips/daun + L. lecanii, (C) ambang kendali 11 nimfa trips/daun + L. lecanii, (D) ambang kendali 16 nimfa trips /daun + L. lecanii, (E) penyemprotan insektisida 2x/minggu, dan (F) kontrol, tanpa penyemprotan insektisida dan tanpa L. lecanii. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyemprotan L. lecanii (1x/minggu) mampu meningkatkan ambang kendali trips dari 10 nimfa /daun menjadi 16 nimfa/daun, mampu menekan penggunaan insektisida sebesar 56,25–100%, dan mampu menekan kehilangan hasil panen ubi kentang sebesar 34,98–45,74%. Lecanicillium lecanii sebagai pengendali trips lebih tepat digunakan pada musim kemarau, dan pada saat serangan penyakit rendah, untuk menghindari penggunaan fungisida sistemik yang dapat mematikan cendawan entomopatogen tersebut.KeywordsAmbang kendali; Cendawan entomopatogen; Penyemprotan insektisida; Solanum tuberosum L.; Thrips palmi KarnyAbstractLecanicillium lecanii is one of entomopathogenic fungus that effective against thrips. The use of the fungus in potato cultivation may increase control threshold of thrips in order to hold environment sustainability. The experiment was aimed to evaluate the control threshold of thrips with add L. lecanii as an biological control agent. The experiment had been conducted in Marga Mekar Village (1,200 m asl.), Pangalengan Sub District, Bandung District, West Java Province. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with six treatments and each treatment was replicated four times. The treatments tested were (A) control threshold one nymph/leaf + L. lecanii, (B) control threshold six nymphs/leaf + L. lecanii, (C) control threshold 11 nymphs/leaf + L. lecanii, (D) control threshold 16 nymphs/leaf + L. lecanii, (E) insecticide spraying 2x/week, and (F) check, without insecticide and without L. lecanii. Result showed that L. lecanii spraying (1x / week) was able to increase the control threshold of thrips of 10 nymphs/leaf to 16 nymphs/leaf, was able to suppress the use of insecticides by 56.25% to 100%, and was able to suppress the yield loss of potato by 34.98% to 45.74%. Lecanicillum lecanii as a biological control agent of thrips more appropriately used in the dry season, when the disease intensity is low, in order to avoid sistemic fungicide application that able kill the entomopathogenic fungus.
Keywords
Control threshold; Entomopathogenic fungus; Insecticide spraying; Solanum tuberosum L.; Thrips palmi Karny