Analisa Usaha Tani Budi Daya Tebu Intensif: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Purbalingga
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Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat
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Peningkatan produktivitas tebu akan berdampak langsung terhadap peningkatan pendapatan petani dan juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan motivasi petani dalam berusaha usaha tani tebu. Studi kasus di lahan tebu tegalan di Desa Lambur, Kecamatan Mrebet, Kabupaten Purbalingga bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh budi daya intensif, semi-intensif, dan non-intensif terhadap nilai usaha tani tebu. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa budi daya tebu intensif melalui penggunaan pupuk organik lima ton per ha, pengairan yang memadai dan sistem tanam overlapping, dan klenthekan yang memadai, mampu menghasilkan produktivitas tebu varietas Bululawang rerata 150 ton tebu per ha, rendemen 7,16% dan pendapatan bersih petani sebesar Rp32,38 juta per ha. Perlakuan budi daya semi-intensif (budi daya intensif tanpa pupuk organik) mampu meng-hasilkan 100 ton tebu per ha, rendemen yang sama dan menghasilkan pendapatan bersih Rp16,45 juta. Sedangkan areal tebu dengan budi daya non intensif (tanpa pupuk organik, tanpa pengairan dan sistem tanam end to end) pada rendemen yang sama hanya mampu menghasilkan produktivitas 45–75 ton per ha. Perla-kuan terakhir ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk anorganik yang memadai tanpa pupuk organik tidak menghasilkan produktivitas yang optimum. Pada tingkat produktivitas tebu 45 ton per ha, petani akan mengalami kerugian sebesar Rp2,78 juta per ha. B/C ratio untuk usaha tani intensif, semi-intensif, non-intensif dengan bantuan program ekstensifikasi dan non-intensif perlakuan petani umumnya, masing-masing berturut 1,68; 1,44; 1,25; dan 0,89. Untuk mensuplai pupuk organik pada pertanaman tebu disarankan kelompok petani tebu yang lokasinya jauh dari pabrik gula (PG) dapat mengembangkan model pengem-bangan tebu ternak, agar pupuk organik dapat selalu tersedia di dekat areal pengembangan. Sedangkan kelompok tani tebu di sekitar PG, diharapkan membangun kerja sama dengan PG untuk dapat memanfaatkan blothong sisa penggilingan sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik. Increasing productivity of sugar cane would give a direct impact on increasing farmer income, as well as farmer motivation. Case study in dry land sugar cane plantation at Lambur Village, Mrebet District of Pur-balingga Region was aimed to show the effect of intensive, semi-intensive, and non-intensive cultivation to economic value of sugar cane. Result of this study showed that intensive planting cane cultivation of sugar cane by applicating cow manure 5 ton per ha, sufficient irrigation, with overlapping planting system, and old leaves detrashing, as well as implemented extensification aid program, was achieving approximately 150 tons productivity of Bululawang sugar cane variety, with rendement level of 7.16%. This was giving farmer income Rp32.38 million per ha. While semi-intensive cultivation of sugarcane (without cow manure) was yielding 100 ton sugar cane, by the same level of rendement and was giving Rp16.45 million per ha. How-ever, non-intensive sugar cane (without irrigation, without cow manure, end to end planting system) only achieved 45–75 ton sugar cane per ha. The last implementation also showed that the use of an-organic fer-tilizer without organic ferlizer was not an optimal productivity of dry land sugarcane at this area. Besides, the 45 ton yield of sugar cane would cause detriment of Rp2.78 million per ha. B/C ratio of intensive, semi inten-sive, non-intensive1, and non-intensive2 cultivations, were 1,68; 1,44; 1,25; and 0,89 respectively. To imple-ment the use of organic fertilizer on farmer’s fields are suggested for group of farmers, where their planta-tion is closed from sugar manufacture, to have cooperation and collaboration in using organic waste material as blothong of the manufacture for fertilizing their farms. Meanwhile for those that are far from the sugar manufacture, are suggested to rear cow and using the cow manure for fertilize their plantation.
Keywords
Tebu tegalan; pupuk organik; intensifikasi budi daya; analisa usaha tani, Dry land sugar cane; organic fertilizer; intensive cultivation; economyc analysis