Keragaman Genetik antar Klon Kopi Robusta Lokal Pagar Alam berdasarkan Analisis Marka SSR
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora var. robusta) merupakan jenis kopi yang paling luas pengembangannya di Indonesia, termasuk wilayah Kota Pagar Alam, Sumatera Selatan. Pada beberapa dekade terakhir, banyak petani di Kota Pagar Alam melakukan seleksi dan rehabilitasi tanaman kopi Robusta secara klonal sehingga terbentuk beberapa populasi klon lokal. Pola tersebut dalam jangka panjang dikhawatirkan akan memusnahkan alel-alel penting dan mereduksi keragaman genetik kopi Robusta lokal di lahan petani. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui keragaman genetik antar klon kopi Robusta lokal Pagar Alam berdasarkan analisis marka SSR. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, Maros, mulai bulan Februari sampai April 2017. Karakterisasi molekuler 19 klon kopi Robusta lokal Pagar Alam dilakukan menggunakan 33 marka SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) polimorfik. Data biner yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan program PowerMarker untuk mengetahui nilai polimorfisme (PIC), jumlah dan keragaman alel, serta nilai heterozigositas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 33 lokus SSR polimorfik menghasilkan 134 alel dengan rata-rata 4,06 alel/lokus, sedangkan nilai PIC antara 0,09–0,77 dengan rata-rata 0,48. Dari 33 lokus SSR, terdapat 19 lokus (57,58%) yang mempunyai nilai PIC sangat informatif (>0,55). Hasil konstruksi dendrogram menggunakan program NTSYS membagi 19 klon kopi Robusta lokal Pagar Alam menjadi 4 klaster pada koefisien kemiripan genetik 0,53. Salah satu klon, yaitu KPA41 terpisah dalam klaster tersendiri sehingga berpotensi disilangkan dengan klon-klon lainnya. Berdasarkan nilai jarak genetik >0,55 dapat disusun 14 kombinasi persilangan antar klon yang berpotensi meningkatkan keragaman genetik kopi Robusta lokal Pagar Alam.
Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta) is the most extensive developed in Indonesia, including Pagar Alam, South Sumatra. In the last few decades, many farmers in Pagar Alam conducted clonal selection and rehabilitation of Robusta coffee trees that generated indigenous clonal populations. This pattern in the long period can damage important alleles and reduce the genetic diversity of indigenous Robusta coffee in farmland. The research aimed to know the genetic diversity among indigenous Robusta coffee clones developed in Pagar Alam based on SSR markers. The study was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cereals Research Institute, Maros, from February to April 2017. Molecular characterization of 19 indigenous Robusta coffee clones was conducted using 33 polymorphic SSR markers. The resulting binary data was then analyzed using PowerMarker program to determine polymorphism value (PIC), number and diversity of alleles, and heterozygosity values. The results showed that 33 polymorphic SSR loci produced 134 alleles with an average of 4.06 alleles/locus, whereas PIC values ranged from 0.09–0.77 with an average of 0.48. Of the 33 SSR loci, 19 loci (57.58%) exhibited very informative PIC value (> 0.55). Dendrogram generated using NTSYS program divided 19 indigenous Robusta coffee clones into 4 clusters at 0.53 similarity coefficient. KPA41clone was separated in its own cluster, potentially crossed with other clones. Based on genetic distance values >0.55, could arrange 14 combinations of interclonal crosses that potentially increase the genetic variability of indigenous Robusta coffee from Pagar Alam.
Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta) is the most extensive developed in Indonesia, including Pagar Alam, South Sumatra. In the last few decades, many farmers in Pagar Alam conducted clonal selection and rehabilitation of Robusta coffee trees that generated indigenous clonal populations. This pattern in the long period can damage important alleles and reduce the genetic diversity of indigenous Robusta coffee in farmland. The research aimed to know the genetic diversity among indigenous Robusta coffee clones developed in Pagar Alam based on SSR markers. The study was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cereals Research Institute, Maros, from February to April 2017. Molecular characterization of 19 indigenous Robusta coffee clones was conducted using 33 polymorphic SSR markers. The resulting binary data was then analyzed using PowerMarker program to determine polymorphism value (PIC), number and diversity of alleles, and heterozygosity values. The results showed that 33 polymorphic SSR loci produced 134 alleles with an average of 4.06 alleles/locus, whereas PIC values ranged from 0.09–0.77 with an average of 0.48. Of the 33 SSR loci, 19 loci (57.58%) exhibited very informative PIC value (> 0.55). Dendrogram generated using NTSYS program divided 19 indigenous Robusta coffee clones into 4 clusters at 0.53 similarity coefficient. KPA41clone was separated in its own cluster, potentially crossed with other clones. Based on genetic distance values >0.55, could arrange 14 combinations of interclonal crosses that potentially increase the genetic variability of indigenous Robusta coffee from Pagar Alam.
Keywords
Coffea canephora var. robusta; keragaman genetik; marka SSR; nilai jarak genetik, perennial crops; molecular genetics; plant breeding, Coffea canephora var robusta; genetic diversity; genetic distance value; microsatellite markers,