Pengaruh Media Tumbuh dan Interval Penyemprotan Fungisida terhadap Viabilitas, Pertumbuhan dan Harga Pokok Benih Lada
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Date
2012-07-30
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh media tumbuh dan interval penyemprotan fungisida terhadap viabilitas setek, pertumbuhan dan harga satuan benih lada dilakukan tahun 2010 di Kebun Percobaan Sukamulya, Sukabumi. Kegiatan terdiri dari dua tahap percobaan lapang dan satu tahap analisis ekonomi bibit lada. Percobaan pertama disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan jumlah setek setiap perlakuan sebanyak 50 setek benih lada satu ruas. Variabel pertumbuhan yang diamati adalah tinggi dan jumlah buku benih. Percobaan ke dua disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan jumlah benih setiap perlakuan sebanyak 50 benih lada. Pengamatan serangan penyakit dilakukan setiap bulan sampai umur benih empat bulan. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan sebanyak 20 benih yang ditentukan secara acak sederhana. Variabel pertumbuhan yang diamati adalah tinggi dan jumlah buku benih. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis biaya pembenihan untuk mengetahui harga pokok benih lada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media tumbuh cocopit dan abu sekam baik sebagai media perkecambahan (viabilitas setek 100%), diikuti media campuran tanah dan pupuk kandang (viabilitas setek 94%), dan penyemprotan fungisida 9 hari sekali untuk menekan serangan penyakit. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan teknologi media tumbuh + pupuk kandang dengan penyemprotan fungisida 9 hari sekali menghasilkan benih dengan harga pokok sebesar Rp 985,4, lebih murah (19,56%) dibandingkan penggunaan teknologi yang tidak tepat yang akan menghasilkan benih dengan harga pokok yang lebih mahal yaitu Rp 1.178,2. Effects of Growing Media and Spraying Interval of Fungicide on Viability and Growth of Rooted Cuttings of Black Pepper and Its Cost PriceABSTRACT A research was established to assess the effects of growth medium and spraying interval of fungicide on viability and growth of rooted cuttings of black pepper as well as unit price of production of the cuttings. The research was carried out at Sukamulya, Sukabumi from January to December 2010. The research consists of two field experiments and an economic analysis of rooted-cutting production of the crop. The two of field experiments were:(1) Study of various growing media of rooted cuttings at nursery level. The objective of this study was to find out proper media giving the best viability of rooted cuttings; and (2) Study of spraying interval of fungicide to reduce risks of disease infestation on the cuttings, with its objective was to evaluate frequency of fungicide spraying being able to reduce risks of infestation. Growth variables observed were height of the cuttings and the number of cutting nodes, and disease incidences for 4 months. Infested cuttings were analyzed at a laboratorium to identify possible factors affecting the growth of cuttings. Whereas, an economic analysis was aimed to asses the effect of applied treatments which gave comparable benefits. The result showed that coco peat and rice husk ash were the best growth medium for cutting productions with viability of 100%, meanwhile the media of mixed soil and sheepdung resulted in lower viability (94%) than those of previous one. Fungicide spraying onto cutting nursery should be conducted at minimum 9 days interval to minimize the death of cuttings caused by disease attack. Based on the economic analysis, application of appropriate technologies would result more lower of spending unit price of cutting production of Rp.985.4 (19.56%) than inappropriate technologies (Rp.1,178.2).