Efektivitas Proses Pembelajaran Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi Sawah oleh Komunitas Petani di Lampung
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2016-08-15
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Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian
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EnglishRice production enhancement in Lampung was carried out through implementing farmer field school of integrated crops management (FFS-ICM) of wetland rice. Learning process of farmer field school took place on various ethnic community of rice farmers. It was implemented through imitation of some stages, i.e. attention, retention, behavior production process, and motivation. There were some differences of learning process among ethnics and it affected its effectiveness. This study aimed to: (i) analyze the effectiveness of learning process of farmer field schools for farmers from some ethnics, i.e. Lampung, Javanese, and Balinese, and (ii) analyze influences of farmers’ characteristics, communication behavior, modeling characteristics, role of farmer groups, and counseling intensity on the effectiveness of FFS-ICM of wetland rice among ethnics. The research was carried out through a survey of rice farmers participating in FFS-ICM of wetland rice with total samples of 286 farmers. The survey was conducted in Central Lampung, South Lampung, and West Barat regencies. Data of the study were analyzed using a variance difference test and a logistics regression model. Results of the study indicated that: (a) only the motivation stage of learning process of FFS-ICM between Balinese and Javanese ethnics was significantly different, (b) effectiveness probability of learning process of FFS-ICM was influenced by educational level, self-efficacy, risk taking, intelligence, result expectation, model competence, and role of farmer groups of those three ethnics. It implies the necessities of learning process for improving farmers’ motivation, farmer group empowerment, role model, and the key person of the ethnics.IndonesianPeningkatan produksi padi di Lampung diupayakan dengan implementasi inovasi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) padi sawah. Salah satu upaya dilakukan dengan Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (SLPTT) padi sawah. Pembelajaran sekolah lapang tersebut terjadi pada berbagai komunitas etnis petani padi. Proses pembelajaran dapat terjadi dengan peniruan melalui tahapan perhatian, pengingatan, pembentukan perilaku, dan motivasi. Namun, masih terjadi perbedaan nyata dalam pembelajaran antaretnis petani tersebut, sehingga berakibat pada efektivitas proses pembelajaran. Efektivitas proses pembelajaran diduga dipengaruhi banyak faktor dari dalam diri etnis petani dan dari luar. Tujuan penelitian adalah: (a) menganalisis perbedaan efektivitas proses pembelajaran Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (SLPTT) padi sawah petani etnis Lampung, Jawa, dan Bali dan (b) menganalisis pengaruh faktor karakteristik demografi petani, karakteristik psikografi petani, perilaku komunikasi petani, karakteristik modeling, peran kelompok tani, dan intensitas penyuluhan terhadap efektivitas pembelajaran SLPTT padi sawah. Metode penelitian dengan survei pada petani peserta SLPTT padi sawah. Jumlah sampel 286 petani. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Lampung Selatan, dan Lampung Barat. Analisis data menggunakan uji beda varians dan analisis regresi model logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pada proses pembelajaran menunjukkan perbedaan nyata hanya tahapan motivasi petani antara etnis Bali-Jawa. Secara bersama probabilitas efektivitas proses pembelajaran SLPTT padi sawah ketiga etnis dipengaruhi tingkat pendidikan, keyakinan kemampuan diri, tingkat keberanian untuk berisiko, tingkat intelegensia, harapan akan hasil, kompetensi model, dan peran kelompok tani. Implikasinya bahwa diperlukan penyusunan materi pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan motivasi petani, diperlukan peningkatan pemberdayaan kelompok tani, pemberdayaan peran figur panutan, dan tokoh masyarakat tani.