Sistem Surjan: Kearifan Lokal Petani Lahan Pasang Surut dalam Mengantisipasi Perubahan Iklim
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Date
2014-07-05
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Publisher
Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development
Abstract
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Abstrak. Sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang paling rentan terhadap perubahan iklim yang berpotensi memberikan dampakbesar terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional. Selain perubahan iklim, pembangunan pertanian menghadapi berbagai kendala, antaralain alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi non pertanian sehingga usaha pengembangan pertanian diarahkan ke lahan marginalseperti lahan rawa pasang surut. Penataan lahan ini perlu dilakukan agar kondisi lahan sesuai untuk kebutuhan tanaman sehinggaproduktivitasnya menjadi optimal. Sistem surjan adalah salah satu bentuk penataan lahan yang biasa dilakukan oleh petani lahanpasang surut dan terbukti mampu mengantisipasi perubahan iklim. Sistem ini memiliki perspektif budaya, ekologi, dan ekonomi,yang memadukan antara kearifan lokal dengan inovasi teknologi terkini. Paket teknologi dalam sistem surjan meliputi:pengelolaan air sistem satu arah yang dilengkapi pintu otomatis (flapgates) dan tabat (stoplog), penggunaan tanaman adaftif lahanpasang surut, pengolahan tanah minimum, kalender tanam rawa terpadu, aplikasi DSS lahan rawa pasang surut, dan penggunaanpupuk biotara.Abstract. Agricultural sector is the most vulnerable sector to climate change that could potentially contribute a great impact onnational food security. Beside climate change, agricultural development faces many obstacles, including a conversion ofagricultural land into non-agriculture so that agriculture extensification are directed to marginal land areas such as tidalswamplands. Lands arrangement is needed to make favorable soil condition to plants growth so that its productivity increases.Surjan system is a land arrangement which is usually applicated by tidal swampland farmers and has high ability to anticipateclimate change. This system has cultural, ecological, and economical perspectives which combines local knowledge with the latesttechnological innovations. The technologies in surjan system include: one way system of water management with automatic door(flapgates) and tabat (stoplog), use of adaptive plant on tidal swampland, soil minimum tillage, applicatiopn of integrated croppingcalender and DSS of tidal swamplands as well as use of biotara fertilizer.