Evaluasi Hibrid Hasil Persilangan Mangga Arumanis-143 dengan Tiga Kultivar Mangga Merah Berdasarkan Karakter Buah
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Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
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Evaluation of Mango Hybrids Derived from Crossing of Arumanis-143 with Three Red Mango Cultivars Based on Fruit Characters. Karsinah, Rebin, and Lukitariati Sadwiyanti. In order to improve the character of mango cv. Arumanis-143 that has green-skinned fruit to become red one, Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute Solok had mainactivity, i.e. crossing between Arumanis-143 with Cukurgondang red clones. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the hybrids of mango cv. Arumanis-143 crossing with three red mango cultivars based on fruit characters, and to get 1–2 new superior varieties candidate that had taste like Arumanis-143 with red/attractive fruit skin color. The research was conducted at Cukurgondang Experimental Field, Pasuruan, East Java from June to December 2011. Plant materials used were four cultivars of parents i.e. Arumanis- 143, Irwin, Gedong Gincu, and Saigon, and 27 hybrids from crossing between Arumanis-143 with Irwin, Arumanis-143 with Gedong Gincu, and Arumanis-143 with Saigon. The results indicated that there were 10 hybrids of 27 hybrids having bear fruits i.e. four hybrids from crossing between Arumanis-143 with Irwin, four hybrids from crossing between Arumanis-143 with Gedong Gincu, and two hybrids from crossing between Arumanis-143 with Saigon. The fruit shape of four hybrids from crossing between Arumanis-143 with Irwin were elliptic, fruits size varies with the smallest fruit weigh was F1-09 i.e. 202 g and the largest was F1-14 i.e. 443 g, fruits taste were sourish sweet-sweet, and the fruits skin color were green-yellow. Fruit shape of four hybrids from crossing between Arumanis-143 with Gedong Gincu were elliptic, fruit size varies with the smallest fruit weigh was F1-87 i.e. 281 g and the largest was F1-18 i.e. 519 g, fruits taste were vapidness sweet-very sweet, the fruits skin color were green-orangish green. The fruit shape of two hybrids from crossing between Arumanis-143 with Saigon were elliptic, fruit weigh of F1-45 was 141 g, fruit taste was sweet with yellowish-red fruit skin color and F1-49 was 232 g, fruit taste was sweet with yellowish green fruit skin color. Result of hibrids evaluation indicated that there was a new superior variety candidate that has taste like Arumanis-143 with yellowish-red fruit skin color. AbstrakDalam rangka memperbaiki karakter buah mangga Arumanis- 143 yang kulit buahnya berwarna hijau agar menjadi merah, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Solok, telah menyilangkan antara mangga Arumanis-143 dengan klon merah Cukurgondang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter hibrid hasil persilangan mangga Arumanis-143 dengan tiga kultivar mangga merah berdasarkan karakter buah dan untuk mendapatkan 1–2 kandidat varietas unggul baru yang mempunyai cita rasa seperti Arumanis-143 dengan kulit buah berwarna merah/menarik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cukurgondang, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur, dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2011. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah empat kultivar tanaman tetua, yaitu Arumanis-143, Irwin, Gedong Gincu, dan Saigon, serta 27 hibrid hasil persilangan Arumanis-143 dengan Irwin, Gedong Gincu, dan Saigon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 27 hibrid yang dievaluasi terdapat 10 hibrid yang berbuah, yaitu empat hibrid hasil persilangan antara Arumanis-143 dengan Irwin, empat hibrid hasil persilangan Arumanis-143 dengan Gedong Gincu, dan dua hasil persilangan Arumanis-143 dengan Saigon. Buah dari empat hibrid hasil persilangan antara mangga Arumanis-143 dengan Irwin berbentuk jorong, ukuran buah bervariasi, yang terkecil F1-09 berbobot 202 g dan terbesar F1-14 berbobot 443 g, rasa buah manis asam-manis, kulit buah berwarna hijau-kuning. Buah dari empat hibrid hasil persilangan Arumanis-143 dengan Gedong Gincu berbentuk jorong, ukuran buah bervariasi, yang terkecil F1-87 berbobot 281 g dan terbesar adalah F1-18 berbobot 519 g, rasa buah manis hambar-sangat manis, kulit buah berwarna hijau-hijau orange. Buah dari dua hibrid hasil persilangan Arumanis-143 dengan Saigon berbentuk jorong, buah F1-45 berbobot 141 g, rasa manis dengan kulit buah berwarna merah kekuningan dan buah F1-49 berbobot 232 g, rasa manis dengan kulit buah berwarna hijau kekuningan. Dari hasil evaluasi terhadap hibrid mangga diperoleh satu kandidat varietas unggul baru yang bercita rasa seperti Arumanis-143 dengan kulit buah berwarna merah kekuningan, yaitu F1-45.