Identifikasi Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Buah-buahan Lokal Kalimantan
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Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
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Eight of Kalimantan’s native fruits were identified at Laboratory of Research Institute of Swampland Agriculture (RISA) in 2003. Characterization conducted for the physical characteristic, chemical composition, and life storage of fruit. Fruit was observedat the optimal maturity. The result of characterization of each fruit in the form of description based on appearance, measurement, taste, and chemical composition. There was reduction in fruit weight and fruit quality during storage at room temperature with life storage of 5 to 11 days. Based on the some fruits such as durian, pampaken, hampalam, kasturi, and kuini, have their commercial value that need to be further developed including their cultivation. Grafted planting material may shorten the juvenile period and reduced the height of plant to ease harvesting. Most of plants are seasonal bearing and their fruits are hard to be peeled. While fruits which have no commercial value, such as mentega, balangkasua, and ramania, are need to be conserved as genetic resources. AbstrakDelapan jenis buah-buahan lokal Kalimantan telah diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Pertanian Lahan Rawa (Balittra) pada tahun 2003. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik, komposisi kimia, dan daya tahan simpan buah. Buah diamati pada kondisi masak optimal. Hasil karakterisasi masing- masing buah berupa deskripsi berdasarkan penampakan, ukuran, rasa, dan komposisi kimia. Selama penyimpanan pada suhu kamar, buah mengalami susut bobot dan penurunan kualitas dengan daya tahan simpan 5-11 hari. Berdasarkan karakterisasi ini dapat diketahui buah-buahan seperti durian, pampaken, kuini, kasturi, hampalam potensial untuk dikembangkan, namun perlu dipertimbangkan nilai ekonominya dan perbaikan teknologi budi daya. Bibit sambung mungkin dapat mempercepat tanaman berbuah dan mengurangi tinggi tanaman untuk memudahkan pemetikan buah. Kebanyakan tanaman ini berbuah musiman dan buah sukar dikupas. Buah-buahan yang tidak/kurang memiliki nilai ekonomis (mentega, balangkasua, ramania) perlu dilestarikan secara terencana di kebun plasma nutfah.