PENGKAJIAN SISTEM USAHATANI DI LAHAN KERING DI KECAMATAN GEROKGAK KABUPATEN BULELENG, BALI
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Date
2014-08-11
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Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
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This assessment was conducted in dry land of Patas village, Gerokgak Sub District, Buleleng District, from1999 to 2001. It began with Participatory Rural Appraisal approach, water reservoir demonstration and adaptiveresearch on reservoir water use for some corn varieties, and integrated farming system. The PRA approach showedthat farmers faced many constraints, such as lack of capital, lack of information on new technology, water shortageespecially in dry season, and unknown new corn varieties including easily-fallen stalks of Arjuna variety prior toharvest period. The results of adaptive research on reservoir water use on some corn varieties showed that Bismavariety produced high yield between 4.8 to 5 tons/ha of dried grain. Bisma variety also showed highest yield inadaptive research on integrated farming system with its yield of 4.650 kg/ha, profit of Rp 3,899,500, and B/C ratio of2.04. This farming system assessment was able to improve average farmers’ incomes from Rp 2,012,422/ha in 1999(before the assessment was carried out) to Rp 5,717,635/ha or an average increase of 184 percent. Bisma corn varietyhas been adopted by the farmers in almost all districts in Bali. The farmers in Bali Province also began adoptingtechnology water reservoir and its utilization for farming system on dry land.Key words : dry land, water reservoir, corn farming income Pengkajian dilaksanakan di lahan kering Desa Patas Kecamatan Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng dari tahun1999 sampai dengan 2001. Pengkajian dimulai dengan mengadakan study PRA (Participatory Rural Apraisal),pembuatan percontohan embung (water reservoir), Uji Adaptasi pemanfaatan air embung terhadap beberapa varietasJagung, pola tanam dan sistem usahatani terpadu. Hasil yang diperoleh dari PRA, banyak kendala-kendala yangdihadapi petani antara lain kurangnya permodalan,kurangnya informasi teknologi yang diterima petani, kekuranganair terutama pada musim kemarau dan kurang dikenalnya varietas- varietas baru termasuk kendala tanaman jagungvarietas Arjuna yang roboh (pada saat tanaman belum masak). Uji adaptasi pemanfaatan air embung terhadapbeberapa varietas jagung , Bisma memberikan hasil yang cukup tinggi berkisar 4,8 ton sampai dengan 5 ton / hapipilan kering. Pada uji adaptasi pola tanam jagung, pola introduksi dengan menggunakan varietas Bisma pada lahanpetani memberikan hasil dan keuntungan paling tinggi dibandingkan pola yang lain dengan hasil 4,650 kg/hakeuntungan Rp 3.899.500,- B/C rasio 2,04. Pengkajian sistem usahatani terpadu dapat meningkatkan pendapatanpetani dari pendapatan tahun 1999 (sebelum pengkajiaan dilakukan) Rp 2.012.422 menjadi Rp 5.717.635 ataumeningkat 184 persen. Pola tanam jagung Bisma telah diadopsi hampir di semua kabupaten di Bali. Pemanfaatan danpembuatan embung dan Sistem usahatani di lahan kering sudah mulai diadopsi oleh masyarakat di lahan kering diProvinsi Bali.Kata kunci : lahan kering, embung, pendapatan usahatani