PENGKAJIAN KERAGAAN USAHATANI DAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI BIBIT KENTANG DI JAWA BARAT
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Date
2014-08-12
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Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
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Assessment on potato-seed production performance and distribution system in Pangalengan, Rancabali, andCiwideuy Subdistricts, Bandung district, West Java was conducted in 2002. Objectives of this study are: 1) to identifyand collect some “data’ on distribution system of potato seed (seedling), and 2) to arrange and present some “database” on distribution system potato seed (seedling). Data of the study were collected through desk study(literature/report review), and rapid rural appraisal (RRA) approaches. Results of the study indicated that theproductivity and efficiency of potato/potato-seed production in West Java were relatively low. It is possible enhance low productivity and low efficiency of potato seed yields through intensification program focused onbalanced fertilizer application rates, farm management, pest control, as well as harvesting and post-harvest technologyimprovement. The production of high quality potato-seed in West Java during the period of 2002 satisfied only 1.6percent (560.8 ton) of the province’s need (35,787.6 ton) because of low productivity of potato-seed production farmer level as well as unbalanced distribution of potato-seed production. In 2002, about 60.8% of potato-seedproduction in West Java (1,430.6 ton) was distributed to other provinces, namely Sumatera (32.2%), Central Java(14.3%), East Java (3.6%), and Sulawesi (10.7%). In general, market structure of potato-seed in West Java wasrelatively competitive. Distribution of potato-seed was relatively efficient with margin of 19.2-30.8 percent and theseed growers received about 76.5% of the retail price. To develop sustainable potato seed production in West Java, is necessary to improve productivity and efficiency of farming system as well as to create conducive socio-economicconditions of the growers.Key words : farming system, potato-seed, productivity, efficiency, market margin.Pengkajian terhadap keragaan usahatani pembibitan kentang dan sistem distribusinya dilaksanakan kecamatan Pangalengan, Rancabali, dan Ciwideuy, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat pada tahun 2002. Tujuanpengkajian ini adalah: mengidentifikasi dan mengumpulkan data sistem distribusi bibit kentang, serta menyusun danmenyajikan “data base” sistem distribusi bibit kentang. Pendekatan yang digunakan berupa desk study (studiliterature/laporan) dan rapid rural appraisal (RRA). Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas dan efisiensiusahatani kentang di tingkat petani Jawa Barat masih relatif rendah. Kedua aspek ini berpeluang untuk ditingkatkanmelalui program intensifikasi dengan memberikan prioritas terhadap penerapan pupuk berimbang, perbaikanpengendalian hama dan penyakit, perbaikan manajemen usahatani, dan perbaikan panen serta pasca- panen. Darikebutuhan bibit kentang bermutu sebesar 35.787,6 ton pada tahun 2002, ternyata hanya dapat terpenuhi 1,6% (560,8ton) oleh penangkar bibit. Penyebab utamanya adalah produktivitas bibit di tingkat penangkar bibit relatif rendah.Selain itu, sebagian besar (60,8%) produksi bibit yang mencapai 1.430,6 ton dimanfaatkan oleh provinsi lain, sepertiSumatera (32,2%), Jawa Tengah (14,3%), Jawa Timur (3,6%), dan Sulawesi (10,7%). Struktur pasar kentang dan bibitkentang sangat kompetitif karena banyaknya pelaku pasar yang menampung hasil panen dengan permintaan yangsangat tinggi. Sistem distribusi bibit kentang cukup efisien dengan margin pemasaran moderat (19,2-30,8%) danpetani menerima 76,5 persen dari harga konsumen. Untuk mengembangkan usahatani kentang secara berkelanjutan Jawa Barat, disamping peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi usahatani juga perlu diupayakan tindakan strategislainnya terutama dengan menciptakan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi yang kondusif.Kata kunci : usahatani, bibit kentang, produktivitas, efisiensi, margin pemasaran