PENAMBAHAN KLORIDA DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA BEBERAPA JENIS TANAH UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT
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2013-06-02
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKKelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) berkembang pesat di Indonesiadan penggunaan pupuk meningkat. Pada awalnya pupuk KClmemperhitungkan hara K, namun diketahui hara Cl juga merupakan haramikro esensial. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari penambahan Cl danbahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar Cl dalam tanaman danakar kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai PenelitianTanah, Bogor, tahun 2011. Contoh tanah diambil dari Cinangneng, Bogor(Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols), Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols), danSumatera Selatan (Gambut). Bibit kelapa sawit varietas Avros umur tigabulan ditanam dalam polibag dan dipanen setelah berumur 8 bulan.Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah, dengan petak utamaempat jenis tanah, dan empat anak petak, yaitu (1) Kontrol (-Cl), (2) KCl,(3) NPK, dan (4) KCl + bahan organik. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali.Parameter yang diamati tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot keringtanaman dan akar, analisis Cl dalam tanah, daun, dan akar. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian Cl menurunkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapasawit pada Oxisols, namun meningkatkan pada Inceptisols, Ultisols, danGambut. Pemberian bahan jenis organik nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhankelapa sawit pada ke empat tanah. Pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkanbobot kering tanaman kelapa sawit pada Inceptisols, Oxisols, dan Gambut,namun meningkatkan bobot kering tanaman pada Ultisols. Pemberian haraCl meningkatkan bobot kering akar tanaman kelapa sawit pada ke empatjenis tanah, namun meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam akar kelapa sawit,sedangkan pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam daun,kecuali pada Oxisols. Pemberian bahan organik menurunkan kadar Cldalam daun pada Ultisols dan tanah Gambut.Kata kunci: bahan organik, Elaeis guineensis, jenis tanah, klorida,pertumbuhanABSTRACTOil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was growing rapidly in Indonesiaand fertilizers use increased. Initially KCl were calculated as K nutrient,but it is known that Cl is also an essential micronutrients. The researchaimed at studying the Cl and organic matter application on growth and Clcontent in plants and roots of oil palm. The study was conducted in thegreenhouse of Soil Research Institute, Bogor, in 2011. Soil samples weretaken from Cinangneng, Bogor (Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols),Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols) and South Sumatra (Peat). AVROS varieties ofoil palm seedlings used 3 months being planted in polybags and harvestedafter 8 months. The experiment design used was split plot design, withfour soil types as main plot, and four sub plots e.i. (1) Control (-Cl), (2)KCl, (3) NPK, and (4) KCl + organic matter. Every treatment repeatedfour times. Parameters observed are plant height, stem diameter, plant androot dry weight and Cl analysis in soil, leaves, and roots. The resultshowed that Cl application decreasing oil palm growth in Oxisols. Organicmatter application siqnificant increase of oil palm growth on the fourthsoil. The application of Cl nutrient did not increase the dry weight of plantin Inceptisols, Oxisols, and Peat soil, but increased the dry weight of plantson Ultisols. The application of Cl did not increase root dry weight in thefour soils, but increased Cl content in the roots in the four soil. While theapplication of Cl did not increase of Cl content in leaves, except inOxisols. Organic matter application can reduce the content of Cl in theleaves on the Ultisols and Peat soil.Key words: organic matter, Elaeis guineensis, soil type, chloride, growth