PENGARUH AIR KELAPA TERHADAP MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS IN VITRO, PRODUKSI RIMPANG, DAN KANDUNGAN XANTHORRHIZOL TEMULAWAK DI LAPANGAN
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKLangkah antisipatif pemenuhan kebutuhan massal benih temulawakdilakukan dengan perbanyakan secara in vitro menggunakan mediumtumbuh yang murah mengandung air kelapa. Penelitian bertujuan untukmenganalisis kandungan kimia air kelapa dan peranannya dalam multi-plikasi tunas temulawak in vitro, serta pengaruhnya terhadap produksirimpang dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Mei2009 sampai Agustus 2010 di Laboratorium dan Kebun Percobaan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat; serta Balai Besar Penelitian danPengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian. Air kelapa yang digunakan berasaldari kelapa muda (7-8 bulan) dan kelapa tua berumur (10-12 bulan).Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap, terdiri atas 4 kegiatan. Pertama,analisis zat pengatur tumbuh, vitamin dan mineral dalam air kelapamenggunakan metode HPLC. Kedua, pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa (0,5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25%) terhadap multiplikasi tunas temulawak in vitro.Kegiatan dirancang secara acak kelompok, 3 ulangan. Pengamatanmeliputi parameter pertumbuhan. Ketiga, aklimatisasi dan kandunganklorofil tanaman hasil in vitro. Keempat, pertumbuhan dan produksirimpang benih temulawak in vitro dalam pot berisi media tanah + pasir dananalisis kandungan xanthorrizolnya. Rancangan penelitian acak kelompok,3 ulangan, dan parameter pengamatan karakter pertumbuhan, produksirimpang, dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa air kelapa mengandung kinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral dansumber karbon yang berguna untuk multiplikasi tunas in vitro. Kandungankimia air kelapa muda lebih tinggi dibanding air kelapa tua. Mediumtumbuh mengandung air kelapa 15% terbaik dalam merangsang pertum-buhan tunas in vitro (rata-rata 4,6 jumlah tunas per botol selama periodeawal pertumbuhan (8 minggu) sehingga dijadikan sebagai standar perba-nyakan. Bibit temulawak hasil perbanyakan in vitro tumbuh baik (72%)pada masa aklimatisasi, walaupun sebagian kecil ada yang menguning.Kandungan klorofil a, b, dan total klorofil temulawak asal kultur in vitrolebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang konvensional, dan bentukrimpangnya normal. Poduksi rimpang generasi awal (Vo) mencapai rata-rata 320,2g, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rimpang konvensional(800,5g). Kandungan xanthorrhizol temulawak hasil kultur in vitro lebihrendah dibandingkan rimpang konvensional. Hasil penelitian mengindi-kasikan potensi air kelapa sebagai zat pengatur tumbuh alami padatemulawak in vitro.Kata kunci: air kelapa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, xanthorrhizol,hasilABSTRACTAnticipated step for Java turmeric seed massal fulfillment wasconducted by in vitro using cheap growth medium enriched with coconutwater. The aim of the research was to analyse the chemical content ofcoconut water and its role on java turmeric micropropagation in vitro andtheir effect on yield and xanthorrhizol content. The experiement wasconducted from May 2009 to August 2009 at Indonesian Spices andMedicinal Research Institute and Indonsian Center for Agricultural PostHarvest Research and Development. The coconut water used comes fromyoung coconut (7-8 months) and old coconut (10-12 months). The researchconsisted of four steps. First, analysis of growth regulator, vitamin andsucrose from coconut water using HPLC method. Second, the effect ofseveral concentration od water coconut: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% on invitro multiplication. The experiment was arranged in completely blockdesign with three replicates. The parameters observed were growth ofculture during in vitro. Third, acclimatization and chlorophyll content ofplant derived from in vitro and fourth, growth, and yield of java turmericseed on pot containing soil + sand as growth medium and xanthorrhizolanalysis. The experiment was arranged in completely block design withthree replicates. The parameters observed were growth characters, yieldand xnthorrhizol content. Result showed that coconut water containkinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral and carbon source which used forin vitro shoots multiplication. The chemical of young coconut water washigher than old coconut. The growth medium enriched with 15 % coconutwater gave the best result on inducing shoots in vitro (average 4.6shoots/bottle during 8 weeks culture), so it’s used as multiplicationstandard. Java turmeric seed from in vitro culture grew well (72%) onacclimatization. Although, some of them were greenish.The content of a,b, and total chlorophyll of java ginger from in vitro culture was higher thanconventional rhizome and have a normal rhizome. The production on Vo(plantlet generation) around 320.2 g/plant, is lower than conventionalrhyzome (800.5 g). Xanthorhizol and essential oil content of Java turmericfrom in vitro seed were lower than conventional rhyzome. Result researchindicated potency of the coconut water as a nature growth regulator invitro.Key words: coconut water, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, growth,xanthorrhizol, yield