PENGARUH BAHAN ORGANIK DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP HASIL SERAT ROSELA DI LAHAN PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING KALIMANTAN SELATAN
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Date
2005-09-18
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKLahan podsolik merah kuning (PMK) berpotensi untuk pengem-bangan tanaman rosela. Kendala utama dalam lahan PMK adalah miskinunsur hara makro dan mikro, kandungan Al dan Fe tinggi, pH tanah rendahdan sering terjadi fiksasi P. Daya dukung lahan ini dapat diperbaiki denganmemberikan bahan amelioran seperti kapur atau bahan organik. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Desa Sabuhur II, Kecamatan Jorong, Kabupaten TanahLaut, Kalimantan Selatan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember2001. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi yang diulang tigakali. Sebagai petak utama terdiri atas lima jenis bahan organik, yakni (1)pupuk kandang kotoran ternak sapi, (2) pupuk kandang dari kotoranunggas, (3) kompos dari jerami, (4) kompos dari alang-alang, dan (5)kompos dari serpihan kayu rosela, masing-masing dosisnya 5 t/ha. Anakpetak terdiri atas tiga dosis pupuk anorganik yaitu (A) Tanpa pupukanorganik, (B) (45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5 + 60 kg K 2 O) /ha, dan (C) (90 kg N+ 80 kg P 2 O 5 (fosfat alam) + 60 kg K 2 O) /ha. Bahan tanaman yangdigunakan galur rosela CPI 115357. Ukuran petak 4 m x 6 m dengan jaraktanam 20 cm x 20 cm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmendapatkan jenis bahan organik dan dosis pupuk anorganik (NPK) yangdapat mendukung hasil serat rosela yang tinggi di lahan PMK KalimantanSelatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa kombinasi perlakuanpemberian (5 t pupuk kotoran unggas + 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5 (fosfat alam)+ 60 kg K 2 O) /ha memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameterbatang, hasil brangkasan dan hasil serat kering tertinggi rosela masing-masing 262,33 mm; 17,65 mm; 47,78 t dan 2,83 t/ha.Kata kunci : Rosela, Hibiscus sabdarifa L., podsolik merah kuning,bahan organik, pupuk organik, hasil, Kalimantan SelatanABSTRACTEffect of NPK fertilizer and organic materials on rosellafiber yield in red yellow podzolic soil of South KalimantanRed yellow podzolic soil is potential for rosella development. Themajor problem of red yellow podzolic soil is low fertility of soil, especiallymacro and micro elements, high content of Al and Fe and P fixation oftenhappened. The soil capacity can be improved by application of ameliorantmaterials such as lime or organic materials. The experiment was conductedin Sabuhur II Village, Jorong Sub District, Tanah Laut District in SouthKalimantan during growing season of January to December 2001. Theexperiment was designed in split-plot with three replications. The mainplots were source of organic materials (1) cows manures, (2) chickenmanures, (3) compost of rice hays, (4) compost of alang-alang, and (5)compost of rosella stems with dose 5 t/ha respectively. The sub plots werethe dosage of NPK fertilizer (A) zero fertilizer, (B) 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5 +60 kg K 2 O /ha, and (C) 90 kg N + 80 kg K 2 O 5 + 60 kg K 2 O/ ha. The rosellaclone was CPI 115357 line, plot size 4 m x 6 m, and plant spacing 20 cm x20 cm. The purpose of this experiment was to find out the kind of organicmaterials and dosage of unorganic fertilizer which can support rosella fiberyield in red yellow podzolic soil of South Kalimantan. The result showedthat the application of 5 tons chicken manures + 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5(rock phosphate) + 60 kg K 2 O/ha gave the best plant height, stemdiameter, fresh and dry fiber yield of rosella which were 262,33 cm; 17,65mm; 47,76 tons and 2,83 tons respectively.Key words : Rosella, Hibiscus sabdarifa L., red yellow podzolic, organicmaterials, unorganic fertilizer, yield, South Kalimantan