Perubahan Biokimia dan Indikator Vigor Benih Kakao pada Lima Taraf Lamanya Penyimpanan
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Selama masa penyimpanan, benih kakao mengalami berbagai proses yang akan berpengaruh terhadap kandungan cadangan makanannya dan akan berdampak terhadap kapasitas perkecambahan dan vigor benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan biokimia dan vigor benih kakao setelah disimpan maksimum 4 minggu dengan selang waktu 1 minggu. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu dan rumah kaca Balittri, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, mulai bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2019. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan lima taraf perlakuan lamanya waktu penyimpanan benih yang diulang lima kali. Kelima perlakuan tersebut yaitu:(a) benih tanpa disimpan,(b) benih disimpan 1 minggu, (c) benih disimpan 2 minggu, (d) benih disimpan 3 minggu, dan (e) benih disimpan 4 minggu. Parameter yang diamati selama penyimpanan adalah perubahan biokimia benih dan banyaknya benih yang berkecambah, sedangkan selama perkecambahan adalah indikator vigor benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan benih kakao selama 1-4 minggu menyebabkan penurunan kandungan lemak benih, sedangkan asam lemak bebas, protein, dan persentase benih berkecambah meningkat. Sampai umur 21 hari setelah semai, penyimpanan benih meningkatkan daya hantar listrik, tetapi menurunkan kecepatan tumbuh, potensi tumbuh maksimum, viabilitas, dan panjang hipokotil. Benih yang disimpan selama satu minggu masih memiliki vigor yang baik (viabilitas 80%), sedangkan benih yang disimpan selama 2-4 minggu menurun tingkat vigornya (viabilitas maksimum sekitar 54,4%).
During the storage period, cocoa seeds undergo various processes that will affect the content of their food reserves and will have an impact on germination capacity and seeds vigor. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of biochemical and vigor of cocoa seeds after storage for a maximum of 4 weeks with an interval of 1 week. The experiment was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory and Greenhouse of Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java, from October to December 2019. The completely randomized design with five treatments of seeds storage duration: (a) seeds unstored, (b) seeds stored for 1 week, (c) seeds stored for 2 weeks, (d) seeds stored for 3 weeks, and (e) seeds stored for 4 weeks, and five replications were used in this study. Parameters observed during seed storage were the biochemistry change of seeds and the percentage of germinated seeds, while during seed germination is an indicator of seed vigor. The results showed that storing cocoa seeds for 1-4 weeks decreased the fat content of the seeds, while the free fatty acids, protein, and percentage of germinated seeds increased. Until the 21st day after sowing, seed storage increases electrical conductivity but decreases growth rate, maximum growth potential, viability, and hypocotyl length. Seeds stored for one week still good in their vigor (viability of 80%), while seeds stored for 2-4 weeks have decreased their vigor (maximum viability of 54.4%).
During the storage period, cocoa seeds undergo various processes that will affect the content of their food reserves and will have an impact on germination capacity and seeds vigor. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of biochemical and vigor of cocoa seeds after storage for a maximum of 4 weeks with an interval of 1 week. The experiment was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory and Greenhouse of Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java, from October to December 2019. The completely randomized design with five treatments of seeds storage duration: (a) seeds unstored, (b) seeds stored for 1 week, (c) seeds stored for 2 weeks, (d) seeds stored for 3 weeks, and (e) seeds stored for 4 weeks, and five replications were used in this study. Parameters observed during seed storage were the biochemistry change of seeds and the percentage of germinated seeds, while during seed germination is an indicator of seed vigor. The results showed that storing cocoa seeds for 1-4 weeks decreased the fat content of the seeds, while the free fatty acids, protein, and percentage of germinated seeds increased. Until the 21st day after sowing, seed storage increases electrical conductivity but decreases growth rate, maximum growth potential, viability, and hypocotyl length. Seeds stored for one week still good in their vigor (viability of 80%), while seeds stored for 2-4 weeks have decreased their vigor (maximum viability of 54.4%).
Keywords
Kemunduran benih; metabolisme benih; perkecambahan benih; Theobroma cacao; viabilitas benih, , Seeds deterioration; seeds germination: seeds metabolism; seeds viability;Theobroma cacao,