Perbaikan Teknik Budi Daya Tanaman Kedelai
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Date
1997
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Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan
Abstract
Improvement of Soybean Cultural Practices. N. Sunarlim. Cultural practices of soybeans in lowland and upland areas have differencies and similarities. Soil tillage was not needed in lowland areas, in contrast in upland areas, soil tillage was still needed although in some places minimum tillage was better. In acid soils, liming at the rate of 1,0 -1,5 x exchangeable Aluminum gave high yield. Until now, there are 25 released soybean varieties available and the choice depends on soil type, cropping system, and seasons. In upland areas, the best planting method was dibble. In lowland areas where the soil was too wet dibble method was not recommended, putting the seeds in the soil surface was better. The optimum population to grow soybean was 500,000 plants/ha.
Using rice straw as a mulch at planting reduce population of weeds, losses of water from the soil and plants damage by beanfly. Inoculation with Rhizobium in the areas where previously soybean has never grown was recommended. The application of P and K fertilizers at the low rate was still needed when soybean was planted after rice in lowland, however, in acid upland the rate was higher. The effect of foliar spray fertilizer on soybeans was not consistent depended on soil type, season, and nutrient content in the fertilizer. Similary, the effect of growth hormone depended on type of hormone, concentration, time, and rate of application, also on soil type, season, and soybean
variety. Planting soybean in upland areas, usually intercropped with other plants such as corn and sorghum. If the soybean was 20% shaded, the grain yield was not affected, but if shading was 50%. the grain yield decreased by 42%. Line of Lamp/1248-4-4 was the best line to use in intercropping because the decrease of yield was the fewest when it was shaded by artifial shading or corn. Beanfly which attacked young soybean plants was controlled by using mulch, tolerant varieties or insecticide application. Since there was no tolerant variety to pod insects, therefore, the used insecticides to control pod insects is still suitable. Another recommended method was using trap crops such as mungbean or corn.
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Keywords
Soybean, lowland, upland, cultural practices.