Keragaman Genetik Ubi Kayu di Seram Bagian Barat, Provinsi Maluku
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Date
2012-12
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IAARD Press
Abstract
Maluku Islands have a high genetic diversity of tuber crops. Among the various sources of food in Western Ceram, Maluku, cassava is the most important root crop, as indicated by the greatest total cultivation area and production. This research aimed to study the genetic diversity of cassava in Western Ceram, to collect ex situ accessions that were found, as well as to create descriptions and morphological characterization of the accessions. Its long-term goal is to get potential landraces for development of superior clones and utilization for consumption and industry. This study used a survey method and the selection of sample villages/negri was by purposive sampling by considering the cultivation locations, geographical distribution and administrative areas, with a
total of 15 sample villages/negri scattered thruoughout Western Ceram. In situ and ex situ characterizations used cassava descriptors (adapted from IITA; Fukuda et al., 2010). Information on the local varieties of cassava and their cultication was obtained by FGD plus interviews with respondents consisting 3-8 farmers per sample village/negri. From the explorative survayes, 105 accessions were found and collected, with differences based on village/negri of origin, local names, crown and root morphology, during the in situ characterizations. Most of the accessions were of directly edible types (not bitter), with harvesting ages ranging from 3 to 12 months. Generally farmers obtained cuttings as planting materials from the plants of previous seasons, and variety selection was based on taste preferences and earlyness of tuber harvest.
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Keywords
Cassava, Manihot esculenta, genetic diversity, germplasm, western ceram.