Kompatibilitas Lima Klon Unggul Kakao Sebagai Batang Atas dengan Batang Bawah Progeni Half-Sib Klon Sulawesi 01
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Perbanyakan tanaman kakao melalui teknik sambung (grafting) paling banyak diterapkan oleh petani. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan penyambungan tanaman adalah tingkat kompatibilitas antara batang atas dengan batang bawah yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi tingkat kompatibilitas lima klon unggul kakao, yaitu Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 02, Sca 6, MCC 01, dan MCC 02, sebagai batang atas dengan progeni half-sib klon Sulawesi 01 sebagai batang bawah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan (KP). Pakuwon, Jawa Barat, pada ketinggian tempat 450 m dpl dengan jenis tanah Latosol dan tipe iklim B (Schmidt & Fergusson), mulai bulan April sampai September 2015. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan kombinasi penyambungan dan lima ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke-14, 21, dan 28 setelah penyambungan terhadap persentase total hasil sambungan yang hidup, hasil sambungan yang telah dan belum bertunas, serta kecepatan munculnya tunas. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, korelasi, dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase benih hasil sambungan yang bertahan hidup, persentase benih hasil sambungan yang bertunas, dan kecepatan munculnya tunas hingga hari ke-28 setelah penyambungan bervariasi antar klon batang atas. Berdasarkan ketiga parameter tersebut, klon Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 02, dan Sca 6 memiliki tingkat kompatibilitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan MCC 01 dan MCC 02. Hasil penelitian dapat dimanfaatkan untuk perbanyakan bibit menggunakan teknik sambung dalam mendukung program peremajaan dan atau rehabilitasi kakao.
Grafting is the most common cocoa propagation technique applied by farmers. One of the factors that determine the grafting success in cacao is the compatibility level between the scion and rootstock. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the grafting compatibility of half-sib family of Sulawesi 01 clone as rootstock with five superior cacao clones i.e. Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 02, Sca 6, MCC 01, and MCC 02 as scions. The research was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, West Java, at the altitude of 450 m above sea level with Latosol type of soil and B type of climate (Schmidt & Fergusson), from April to September 2015. This research used the randomized completely block design with five treatments of grafting combinations and five replications. Observation was taken at 14th, 21st, and 28th days after grafting on the total percentage of surviving graftings, percentage of sprouting grafting, percentage of grafting that have not sprouted, and bud sprouting rates. Data were analyzed by variance, correlation, and regression analysis. The results showed that the surviving grafting, the sprouting grafting and the rate of sprouting up to the 28th days after grafting varied among the scions. Based on the parameters observed, Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 2, and Sca 6 demonstrated higher compatibility rate compared to MCC 01 and MCC 02. The results is applicable in seedling provision through grafting techniques in order to support cacao rejuvenation and or rehabilitation.
Grafting is the most common cocoa propagation technique applied by farmers. One of the factors that determine the grafting success in cacao is the compatibility level between the scion and rootstock. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the grafting compatibility of half-sib family of Sulawesi 01 clone as rootstock with five superior cacao clones i.e. Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 02, Sca 6, MCC 01, and MCC 02 as scions. The research was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, West Java, at the altitude of 450 m above sea level with Latosol type of soil and B type of climate (Schmidt & Fergusson), from April to September 2015. This research used the randomized completely block design with five treatments of grafting combinations and five replications. Observation was taken at 14th, 21st, and 28th days after grafting on the total percentage of surviving graftings, percentage of sprouting grafting, percentage of grafting that have not sprouted, and bud sprouting rates. Data were analyzed by variance, correlation, and regression analysis. The results showed that the surviving grafting, the sprouting grafting and the rate of sprouting up to the 28th days after grafting varied among the scions. Based on the parameters observed, Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 2, and Sca 6 demonstrated higher compatibility rate compared to MCC 01 and MCC 02. The results is applicable in seedling provision through grafting techniques in order to support cacao rejuvenation and or rehabilitation.
Keywords
Kakao; penyambungan; kompatibilitas, Cacao; grafting; compatibility